Calcium scoring was done, equally for the 80 and 120 kVp acquisitions using a dedicated semiautomatic software included in Syngo.Via workstations (Siemens Healthineers AG, Erlangen, Germany). In brief, all pixels with an attenuation equal or above the lowest threshold (i.e., ≥ 130 HU) having an area ≥ 1 mm2 are automatically color-marked and then manually selected by creating a region of interest around all lesions found in a coronary artery. The software then calculates the CACS as previously reported,9 (link) by multiplying the density score and the area of calcification.
Based on the CACS derived from both, the 80 and 120-kVp scans, each patient was allocated to the corresponding percentile group as reported in the literature9 (link): < 25%, 25% to 50%, 50% to 75%, 75% to 90%, > 90%.