The scratch assay was performed to monitor the migration of fibroblasts. 1.5 × 105 HDFn cells/well were seeded in a 24-well Falcon plate. The cell layer was impaired with a scratch and 100 µg/ml HL EVs or medium added. For every condition, cells were seeded in triplicates and two spots per well were monitored with images being recorded in an interval of 15 min for 24 h. For analysis, the scratch width was determined with ImageJ (National Institutes of Health) after 0, 3, 12, and 21 h, wound closure was calculated with the following formula:
Directed migration was studied with a chemotaxis assay performed in Neuroprobe ChemoTx plates. Migration of Calcein AM (MoBiTe)-labeled HDFn cells toward 40 µg/ml, 150 mg/ml HL EVs or medium (triplicates), was assessed after 2 h via fluorescence detection with an Infinite M1000 microplate reader (Tecan).