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7 protocols using gw6471

1

Regulation of Cardiomyocyte and Intestinal Cell Metabolism

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Mouse atrial cardiomyocytes (HL‐1 cells) and human intestinal epithelial cells (Caco‐2 cells) were purchased from BNCC (Henan, China) and cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum and 1% penicillin/streptomycin at 37°C with 5% CO2. Mouse HL‐1 cells treated with or without palmitic acid (PA; 200 μM; Sigma–Aldrich, St. Louis, MO), FGF19 (100 ng/mL; Proteintech) and PPARα inhibitor (10 μM) (GW6471, Selleck Chemicals) for 24 h. Human Caco‐2 cells were stimulated with or without LCA (100 μM) (MedchemExpress) and UDCA (100 μM; MedchemExpress) for 24 h. The cellular lysates and human Caco‐2 cell culture supernatant were then collected for subsequent experiments.
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2

Oroxylin A and Cisplatin Treatment

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Oroxylin A (OA) and Cisplatin were obtained from MedChemExpress (MCE, Monmouth Junction, NJ, United States). GW6471 (PPARα antagonist) and WY-14643 (PPARα agonist) were bought from Selleckchem (Houston, TX, United States).
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3

Multiparametric Lipid Imaging Assay

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The following chemicals were used at the indicated concentrations: 20, 50, and 100 ng/ml Doxycycline (Sigma-Aldrich, D5207), 50 nM CHIR (Selleckchem, S2745), 3 µM PIM447 (Selleckchem, S7985), 4 µM GW6471 (Selleckchem, S2798), 100 µM Etomoxir (Selleckchem, S8244), 20 µg/ml cycloheximide (Selleckchem, S7418), 1:1000 LipidSpot488 (Biotium, 70065) or LipidSpot610 (Biotium, 70069), 167 nM SyTOX Green Nucleic Acid Stain (Fisher Scientific, S7020), 25 mM Glucose (Thermo Scientific, A24940-01), 10% Dialyzed FBS (Gibco, A33820-01).
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4

Saussurea involucrata Polysaccharide Evaluation

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Saussurea involucrata polysaccharide was provided by Infinitus Co., Ltd. (Guangzhou, China). PPAR-α inhibitor (GW6471) was purchased from Selleck (Shanghai, China).
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5

Huh-7 Cell Culture and Transfection

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Huh-7 cells were cultured in DMEM (Gibco) supplemented with 10% FBS (Gibco) at 37°C in a humidified atmosphere with 5% CO2 and transfected with plasmids using Effectene Transfection Reagent (QIAGEN) according to the manufacturer's protocols. In some experiments, Huh-7 cells were incubated with 20 μM MG132 (MCE, HY-13259) or 10 μM GW6471 (Selleck, S2798) for 24 h or 48 h, respectively, and subjected to western blot analysis.
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6

Investigating LPA-induced signaling in BMDCs

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BMDCs were independently pretreated for 1 hour with the p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 (10 μM; Invivogen Cat# tlrl-sb20), the PPAR alpha antagonist GW6471 (50 μM; Selleck Chemical Cat# S2798), the PPAR delta antagonist GSK3787 (10 μM; Selleck Chemical Cat# S8025), the CREB inhibitor 666–15 (10 μM; MedChem Express, Cat# HY-128686); the JNK inhibitor JNK-IN-8 (10 μM; Selleck Chemical Cat# S4901); the NF-κB inhibitor BAY 11–7821 (50 μM; MedChem Express Cat# HY-13453), or the NF-κB/AP1 dual inhibitor SP 100030 (5 μM; Tocris Cat# 5309) and then stimulated with LPA (100 μM) for 2 hours. Expression of Ptgs2 was determined by RT-qPCR. For in vitro assessment of EP4 signaling, BMDCs were pretreated for 1 hour with the EP4 antagonist PGN 1531 (5 μM; Tocris Cat#5327) and then stimulated with LPA (100 μM) and LPS (100 ng/ml) for 4 hours. Expression of type-I ISGs was subsequently quantified by RT-qPCR.
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7

Modeling Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in ARPE-19 Cells

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Based on a previous study, we used oxygen–glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) to study IR injury in ARPE‐19 cells.12 For the induction of OGD, cells were washed with PBS, switched to DMEM without glucose and serum and placed in 0.2% O2 hypoxia chamber controlled by a ProOxC system balanced with 5% CO2/95% N2 (Biospherix) for 48 h at 37°C. After the end of OGD, cells were resupplied with glucose‐containing medium and reoxygenated to a normoxic incubator under 5% CO2/95% air for 24 h. The control cells were maintained with growth medium and normoxia at 37°C for 72 h. Cells were treated with 2.5–10 μM GW6471 (PPAR‐α antagonist, Selleckchem) to investigate the underlying mechanism during ODG/R.
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