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5 protocols using a1244

1

Immunofluorescence Analysis of Cochlear Cells

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After the experimental treatments of each group, the HEI‐OC1 cells and cochlear basement membranes were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA) for 30 min and were punched with 0.1% Triton X‐100 and 1% Triton X‐100 for 30 min, respectively. Then, the samples were treated with PBT‐1 blocking solution for 1 h, and incubated with PBT‐1 diluted primary antibody in a refrigerator (4°C) overnight. The primary antibody dilution was aspirated off and the samples were then incubated with PBT‐2 diluted secondary antibody and DAPI at 37°C for 1 h. The sample was sealed, observed and imaged under a fluorescent inverted microscope (Leica Microsystems, Biberach, Germany). The antibodies used included Myosin 7a (1:500, 138–1, DSHB, USA), NRF2 (1:200, A1244, ABclonal, China), HO‐1 (1:200, A1346, ABclonal, China) and GPX4 (1:200, AB125066, Abcam, UK).
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2

Protein Extraction and Western Blot Analysis

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Each experimental group was washed twice with precooled PBS at 4°C, and the whole proteins were extracted by adding lysis solution RIPA (P0013, Beyotim, China) containing both phosphatase and protease inhibitors, lysed for 30 min at 4°C, vortexed every 5 min, and then centrifuged at 12,000g for 20 min at 4°C. The protein contents were measured with the BCA kit (P0010, Beyotime, China), added to the loading buffer, and then denatured by heating. After the protein samples were electrophoresed by 10% and 12% SDS‐PAGE, the proteins were transferred to PVDF membranes by wet transfer method. After blocking for 1 h, primary antibodies, including NRF2 (A1244, ABclonal, China), HO‐1 (A1346, ABclonal, China), NQO1 (A19586, ABclonal, China), GPX4 (ab125066, Abcam, UK), SLC7A11 (ab175186, Abcam, UK) and β‐actin (GB11001, Servicebio, China), all diluted 1:1000, were added and incubated overnight at 4°C. Then, the corresponding secondary antibody dilutions (1:5000) were added and incubated for 1 h. The target protein was analysed semiquantitatively using a fully automated chemiluminescence image analyser and ImageJ software for grayscale analysis of protein bands, with β‐actin as an internal reference.
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Western Blot Analysis of Cellular Proteins

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Fresh tissue and cells were disrupted with a high-strength RIPA lysis buffer, followed by 30 min of standing and centrifugation at 12,000 rpm at 4°C for 10 min. The protein content of the supernatant was quantified using a bicinchoninic acid (BCA) standard curve. Ten microliters of samples with equal amounts of total protein were added to 12.5% or 7.5% gels and electrophoresed at a stable voltage of 200 V. The gels were then transferred onto a PVDF membrane at a constant current of 400 mA. After blocking with 5% skimmed milk for 2 h, the membranes were incubated overnight at 4°C with the following primary antibodies: rabbit anti-Bax (1:2000, 50599-2-Ig, Proteintech), rabbit anti-Bcl-2 (1:2000, 26593-1-AP, Proteintech), mouse anti-GPX4 (1:2000, 67763-1-Ig, Proteintech), rabbit anti-Nrf2 (1:3000, A1244, ABclonal), rabbit anti-CD71 (1:1000, A5865, ABclonal), rabbit anti-FTH1 (1:1000, A19544, ABclonal), rabbit anti-DMT1 (1:2000, 20507-1-AP, Proteintech), rabbit anti-Fpn1 (1:1000, 26601-1-AP, Proteintech), and mouse anti-β-actin (1:1000, 66009-1-Ig, Proteintech). Horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated goat anti-rabbit (1:3000, A0208, Beyotime) and goat anti-mouse (1:1000, A0216, Beyotime) antibodies were added for 1 h, followed by enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL) visualization.
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4

Western Blot Analysis of Liver Tissues

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Western blot analysis of the liver tissues was performed according to the method described by Wu [31 (link)]. The primary antibodies were anti-Nrf2 (A1244, ABclonal, Wuhan, China), anti-Keap1 (A1820, ABclonal, Wuhan, China), and anti-GAPDH (ab70699, Abcam, Cambridge, UK). The bands were acquired using ImageQuant LAS 4000 mini (GE Healthcare Life Sciences, Wuxi, China) and quantified using Image J software (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA).
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5

Western Blot Analysis of Protein Signaling

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Tissue protein was prepared in lysis buffer with a protease and phosphatase inhibitors cocktail (TargetMol, Wellesley Hills, MA, USA). The total protein content was determined using the Pierce™ BCA Protein Assay Kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) following the manufacturer's protocol. The proteins were denatured and resolved using 10% sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and transferred to a nitrocellulose membrane. The membranes were then blocked with 5% non-fat milk for 2 h at room temperature and incubated with specific primary antibodies at 4 °C overnight. Following incubation with horseradish peroxidase–conjugated secondary antibodies (1:2000; Cell Signaling Technology) for 2 h at room temperature, and the bands were detected using an enhanced chemiluminescence assay (Thermo Fisher Scientific). The primary antibodies used for western blotting were anti-HA(#3724, 1:1000; Cell Signaling Technology), anti-Nrf2 (A1244, 1:1000; Abclonal Technology), anti-p-Nrf2 (AP1133, 1:1000; Abclonal Technology), anti-SLC7A11 (A13685, 1:1000; Abclonal Technology), anti-MLKL (A21894, 1:1000; Abclonal Technology), anti-p-MLKL (AP1173, 1:1000; Abclonal Technology), anti-GPX4 (A11243, 1:1000; Abclonal Technology), anti-GAPDH (10494-1-AP, 1:10000; Proteintech), and histone H3 (4499, 1:1000; Cell Signaling Technology).
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