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8 protocols using sodium acetate

1

Synthesis of Mucin-Based Biosensors

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Mucin (from porcine stomach, Type III), 11-mercapto-1-undecanol, epichlorohydrin, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, potassium chloride, potassium hexacyanoferrate (II) trihydrate, potassium ferricyanide (III), sodium phosphate, and d-mannose were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Absolute ethyl alcohol, sodium hydroxide, acetone, sulfuric acid, sodium acetate, acetic acid, and hydrogen peroxide were from DaeJung Chemicals & Metals Co., Ltd. (Gyeonggi-do, Korea). Carboxyfluorescein diacetate (CFDA) was obtained from Dojindo Molecular Technologies, Inc. (Rockville, MD, USA), and potassium phosphate from Pure Chemicals Co., Ltd. (Kyoto, Japan). Lysogeny broth (LB) broth and agar powder were purchased from BD (BD Difco, Lawrence, KS, USA).
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2

Vitamin C-Loaded Hyaluronic Acid Films

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Hyaluronic acid (Mw 8 × 105 Da, Jinwoo bio, Seoul, Korea), vitamin C powder (DSM UK Ltd., Derbyshire, UK), sucralose (Shandong Kanbo biochemical technology Co., Ltd., Dongying, Shandong, China), and anhydrous ethanol (Duksan pure chemicals Co., Ltd., Ansan, Gyeonggido, Korea) were used as raw materials for film production. Ascorbic acid (Sigma Co., St. Louis, MO, USA), acetonitrile (Duksan Pure Chemicals Co., Ltd.), metaphosphoric acid (Kanto Chemical Co., Inc., Tokyo, Japan), and DPPH radicals (Sigma Co.) were purchased to measure vitamin C content and antioxidant activity. NaCl, KH2PO4 and Na2HPO4 (Kanto Chemical Co., Inc.), HCl and NaOH (Samchun Pure Chemical Co., Ltd., Pyeongtaek, Gyeonggido, Korea), sodium acetate (Daejung Chemicals & Metals Co., LTD., Siheung, Gyeonggido, Korea), and acetic acid glacial (JT Baker, Phillipsburg, NJ, USA) were also prepared.
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3

Immobilization of Candida antarctica Lipase B

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Candida antarctica lipase B (Native CalB) and CalB@NF were obtained from Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (33 kDa, Daejeon, Republic of Korea) used in encapsulation. Oleic acid, Iepal CO-520, p-nitrophenyl butyrate (98%, PNPB), bovine serum albumin, tris base, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, St. Louis, MO, USA), Coomassie brilliant blue G-250 (Gilingham, Dorset, UK), phosphoric acid (Buchs, Switzerland), Tetraethyl orthosilicate (99%, TEOS, Beijing, China), benzoic anhydride (St. Quentin Fallavier, France), and benzyl alcohol (Taufkirchen, Germany) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Cyclohexane, ammonia solution (28–30%), ethanol (99%), methanol, sodium acetate, glacial acetic acid, hydrochloric acid, and n-hexane were purchased from Daejung (Siheung, Republic of Korea). Ethyl ether was provided by J.T.Baker (Philipsburg, NJ, USA).
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4

Quantitative Bioanalysis of Nicotine Metabolites

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Cotinine (COT), trans-3′-hydroxycotinine (3-HCOT), cotinine-d3 (COT-d3), trans-3′-hydroxycotinine-d3 (3-HCOT-d3), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and DSC-18 solid-phase extraction (SPE) powder were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Acetonitrile, methanol and water were of liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) grade and purchased from Fisher Scientific (Fair Lawn, NJ, USA). Sodium hydroxide, magnesium sulfate, sodium chloride and sodium acetate were acquired from Daejung Chemical & Metals Co. (Siheung, Republic of Korea). Primary secondary amine (PSA) bulk sorbent was purchased from Agilent Technologies (Santa Clara, CA, USA). All other reagents were of analytical grade.
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5

Extraction and Characterization of PHAs

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All reagents and chemicals were procured at the highest purity. M9 minimal salts (5×), 3-Hydroxyoctanoic acid, 3-Hydroxydecanoic acid, and 3-Hydroxydodecanoic acid were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Chloroform, H2SO4, n-hexane, HCl, NH4Cl, NaOH, methanol, NaCl, sodium acetate, sodium bicarbonate, palmitic acid, oleic acid, stearic acid, linoleic acid, l–cysteine hydrochloride and antifoam were purchased from Daejung Chemical & Metals (Siheung-si, Republic of Korea). LB media, yeast extract, peptone, beef extract, soybean extract and urea were purchased from BD-DIFCO (Detroit, MI, USA).
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6

Chemical Reagents for Analytical Testing

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The chemicals used in the present work were purchased from various companies. Sodium nitrite, potassium persulfate, dipotassium hydrogenphosphate, ferric chloride, monosodium dihydrogenphosphate, potassium ferricyanide, trichloroacetic acid, disodium hydrogenphosphate, Rutin, Mueller-Hinton agar (MHA), and Folin-Ciocalteu reagent were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany), gallic acid from Riedel-de-Haen (Seelze, Germany), ammonium molybdate, linoleic acid, ferrous chloride tetrahydrate and aluminum chloride from BDH Labs (Cambridge, England), DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ascorbic acid from MP Biomedicals (Illkirch, France), sodium acetate from Daejung (Siheung City, Korea), ammonium thiocyanate from Alfa-Aesar (Karlsruhe, Germany), amoxicillin from GlaxoSmithKline (Karachi, Pakistan) and trichloroacetic acid, TPTZ (2,4,6 tripyridyl-s-triazine), ABTS (2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany).
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7

Quantification of Polyphenolic Compounds

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In this experiment, the chemicals purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) were as follows: caffeic acid, keracyanin chloride, kuromanin chloride, Folin-Ciocalteau reagent, quercetin, pepsin, and pancreatin. Aluminium chloride hexahydrate and potassium acetate were obtained from Junsei Chemical (Tokyo, Japan). Citric acid, sodium alginate, sodium acetate, potassium chloride, and sodium carbonate were purchased from Daejung Chemicals & Metals (Seoul, Korea).
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8

Polymeric Nanocomposite Drug Delivery

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Chemicals that were pure and distilled were purchased from multiple vendors. Chitosan, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, KCl, acetic acid, NaOH, glycerol, and nanoclay were procured from Sigma-Aldrich. KH2PO4 and sodium acetate were obtained from Daejung (South Korea) and Merck (Germany), respectively, while tramadol was obtained from Global Pharmaceuticals (Islamabad, Pakistan). The Comsats University Abbottabad Campus supplied distilled water.
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