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Bathocuproine

Manufactured by Merck Group
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Bathocuproine is a chemical compound used as a chelating agent in laboratory procedures. It has the ability to form complexes with copper(I) ions, resulting in a characteristic orange-red color. The core function of Bathocuproine is to facilitate the detection and quantification of copper(I) in various analytical applications.

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Lab products found in correlation

Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Merck Group (5 mentions) Toluene, by Merck Group (4 mentions) Chlorobenzene, by Merck Group (4 mentions) Formamidinium iodide, by Greatcell Solar (4 mentions) N n dimethylformamide (dmf), by Merck Group (4 mentions) Methylammonium iodide, by Greatcell Solar (3 mentions) N dimethylformamide, by Merck Group (3 mentions) Cesium iodide, by Merck Group (3 mentions) 1 2 dichlorobenzene, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Nh4cl, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Tin 2 fluoride, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Dimethylformamide, by Merck Group (2 mentions) 2 methoxyethanol 2 me, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Lead 2 iodide, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions) Lead 2 iodide, by Tokyo Chemical Industry (2 mentions) Iron sulfate heptahydrate, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Manganese dichloride, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Copper sulfate, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Zinc sulfate heptahydrate, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Nickel 2 acetylacetonate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)

22 protocols using bathocuproine

1

Preparation of Metal Sulfate Stock Solutions

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Copper sulfate, iron sulfate heptahydrate (FeSO4), zinc sulfate heptahydrate (ZnSO4), and manganese dichloride (MnCl2) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, dissolved in water as 100 mM stock solutions and stored at 4°C. The FeSO4 solution was always prepared fresh prior to use. bathocuproinedisulfonic acid was purchased from Fisher Scientific and stored as a 100 mM stock solution in water at −80°C. Stocks of test compounds were prepared in DMSO and stored at −80°C as follows: Neo (Sigma-Aldrich) 10 mM, DSF (Sigma-Aldrich) 40 mM, bathocuproine (Sigma-Aldrich) 1 mM, and GTSM 10 mM. GTSM was a kind gift from Dr. Stefan Bossmann, who synthesized the compound in his laboratory at Kansas State University following published protocols (Haeili et al., 2014 (link)).
Totten A.H., Crawford C.L., Dalecki A.G., Xiao L., Wolschendorf F, & Atkinson T.P. (2019). Differential Susceptibility of Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma Species to Compound-Enhanced Copper Toxicity. Frontiers in Microbiology, 10, 1720.
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2

Synthesis of Perovskite Materials

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All solvents and chemicals were purchased and utilized as obtained. Nickel (II) acetylacetonate, zinc acetate and bathocuproine (BCP) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC. CH3NH3PbI3-DMF (MAPbI3-DMF) was purchased from TCI Co., Ltd. All solvents and reagents were of the highest quality available and were used as received.
Shibayama N., Kanda H., Yusa S.I., Fukumoto S., Baranwal A.K., Segawa H., Miyasaka T, & Ito S. (2017). All-inorganic inverse perovskite solar cells using zinc oxide nanocolloids on spin coated perovskite layer. Nano Convergence, 4, 18.
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3

Synthesis and Characterization of Perovskite Materials

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Formamidine iodide, methylammonium iodide were purchased from Greatcell Solar company. PbI2 (99.999%), PbBr2 (99.999%), SnI2 (99.999%), CdI2 (99.999%), SnF2 (99%), CsI (99.999%), N,N-dimethylformamide (99.8%, anhydrous), dimethyl sulfoxide (99.8%, anhydrous), 1,2-dichlorobenzene (99%), toluene (anhydrous, 99.8%), poly(bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine)(PTAA) and bathocuproine (BCP) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Acetone and isopropanol alcohol were purchased from VWR company. PCBM and C60 were purchased from NANO-C company. PEDOT:PSS (Clevios™ P VP AI 4083) was purchased from Heraues company.
Yang Z., Yu Z., Wei H., Xiao X., Ni Z., Chen B., Deng Y., Habisreutinger S.N., Chen X., Wang K., Zhao J., Rudd P.N., Berry J.J., Beard M.C, & Huang J. (2019). Enhancing electron diffusion length in narrow-bandgap perovskites for efficient monolithic perovskite tandem solar cells. Nature Communications, 10, 4498.
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4

Perovskite Solar Cell Fabrication Protocol

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N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF, 99.8%), chlorobenzene (CB, 99.8%), PbI2 (99.999%), NH4Cl (99.5%), NH4I (99.999%), n-butylamine (BA) phenylethylamine (PEA), p-phenylenediamine (PPD) and bathocuproine (BCP, 99.99%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Methylammonium iodide (MAI), methylammonium bromide (MABr) and methylammonium chloride (MACl) were purchased from Greatcell Solar Ltd. Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT: PSS) AL4083 was purchased from Heraeus Ltd. [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) was purchased from Solenne BV. Hydroiodic acid (HI, 55.0–58.0%) was purchased from Aladdin. All reagents and solvents were used directly if not specified.
Wang J., Luo S., Lin Y., Chen Y., Deng Y., Li Z., Meng K., Chen G., Huang T., Xiao S., Huang H., Zhou C., Ding L., He J., Huang J, & Yuan Y. (2020). Templated growth of oriented layered hybrid perovskites on 3D-like perovskites. Nature Communications, 11, 582.
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5

Perovskite Solar Cell Fabrication

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Patterned glass-based ITO was purchased from Shenzhen Huayu Union Technology Co., Ltd. Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT: PSS) was purchased from Heraeus Precious Metals GmbH. Tin iodide (SnI2), Cesium iodide (CsI), bathocuproine (BCP), tin powder (Sn), N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), toluene, tin (II) fluoride (SnF2), guanidine thiocyanate (GuaSCN), and ethylenediamine (EDA) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Methylammonium iodide (MAI) and formamidinium iodide (FAI) were purchased from Greatcell Solar Materials. Lead iodide (PbI2) and [2-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid (2PACz) were purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry Co. Ltd (TCI). C60 was purchased from Puyang Yongxin Fullerene Technology Co., Ltd. Quartz-based ITO was purchased from Luoyang Guluo Glass Co. Ltd. All materials and solvents were used as received without any further purification.
Wang Y., Ye S., Lim J.W., Giovanni D., Feng M., Fu J., Krishnamoorthy H.N., Zhang Q., Xu Q., Cai R, & Sum T.C. (2023). Carrier multiplication in perovskite solar cells with internal quantum efficiency exceeding 100%. Nature Communications, 14, 6293.
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6

Organic Photovoltaic Material Synthesis

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Cesium iodide (CsI), bismuth iodide (BiI3), and solvents like DMF (dimethylformamide), 2-methoxy ethanol, nickel nitrate (Ni(NO3)2·6H2O), bathocuproine (BCP), isopropanol, chlorobenzene and toluene were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and used as received. [6,6]-Phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM), nano-c 99% purity solutions (2 wt%) were prepared by dissolving in anhydrous chlorobenzene (CB) at 50 °C for 7 hours.
Vijaya S., Subbiah J., Jones D.J, & Anandan S. (2023). LARP-assisted synthesis of CsBi3I10 perovskite for efficient lead-free solar cells. RSC Advances, 13(15), 9978-9982.
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7

Spectrophotometric Determination of Total Antioxidant Capacity

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Total antioxidant capacity was indirectly quantified by the method of Campos C. et al. (2005) [26 (link)], which is based on the reducing capacity of plasma to reduce Cu+2 to Cu+1, due to the effect of circulating endogenous antioxidants. Reduced copper was detected by the formation of stable Cu+1 chromogens in the presence of bathocuproine, which are bright light green in color. Thus, 35 µL of plasma was added to 145 µL of 0.1 M phosphate buffer (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA) at pH 7.5 and homogenized at 500 rpm (Multi-Vortex V-32, BioSan, Riga, Latvia) for 200 s. Immediately afterwards, 50 µL of 0.01 M copper II chloride (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA) was added and homogenized at 500 rpm (Multi-Vortex V-32, BioSan, Riga, Latvia) for 200 s. Next, 50 µL of 0.01 M bathocuproine (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA) was added and homogenized again at 500 rpm (Multi-Vortex V-32, BioSan, Riga, Latvia) for 200 s. Finally, the reaction was diluted to 1000 µL with deionized water (Hycel Reactivos Químicos, SA de CV, Zapopan, Jalisco, México) and read spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 490 nm (UV-1800 Spectrophotometer, Shimadzu Co., Kyoto, Japan), previously adjusting with a phosphate buffer blank. Total antioxidant capacity is expressed in mmol/L.
del Valle-Mondragón L., Becerra-Luna B., Cartas-Rosado R., Infante O., Pérez-Grovas H., Lima-Zapata L.I., Lerma C., Rodríguez-Chagolla J, & Martínez-Memije R. (2022). Correlation between Angiotensin Serum Levels and Very-Low-Frequency Spectral Power of Heart Rate Variability during Hemodialysis. Life, 12(7), 1020.
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8

Fabrication of Organic Heterojunction Devices

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The hole injection material N,N′-Bis(naphthalen-1-yl)-N,N′-bis(phenyl)benzidine, (NPB), hole blocking material Bathocuproine (BCP) and emitter material Rubrene were purchased from Sigma Aldrich1 and used as received. 2,8-difluoro-5,12-bis(4-tert-butyl phenylethynyl)anthra[2,3-b;6,7-b’]dithiophene (DiF-tBPhE-ADT), 2,8-difluoro-5,12-bis(2-ethylhexylthienyl)anthra[2,3-b;6,7-b’]dithiophene (DiF-EHT-ADT) and 2,8-Difluoro-5,12-bis(triethylsilylethynyl)-anthra[2,3-b;6,7-b’]dithiophene (DiF-TES-ADT) were synthesized by the Anthony group at University of Kentucky.[56 ] The layered architecture of the herein investigated heterojunction devices was: Indium-tin-oxide (ITO, 145 nm)/MoOx (5 nm)/NPD (20 nm)/emitter (40 nm)/C60 (20 nm)/BCP(5 nm)/Al(80 nm). Devices were deposited on commercially available patterned indium tin oxide (Thin Film Devices, Rs = 15 ohms/sq). Substrates were cleaned via sonication in chloroform and isopropanol, followed by 15 min of ultraviolet/ozone treatment. Next, MoOx, NPD (Lumtec >99 %), Emitter, BCP (Lumtec >99 %), C60 (M.E.R. Corporation, >99.9%), and Al (R.D. Mathis, >99.99 %) were thermally evaporated using a Lesker deposition system at a base pressure of < 10−4 Pa connected to an N2 purged glovebox (<1 ppm H2O, O2). The active area, as defined by the overlap of ITO and metal contacts, was 4 mm2.
Engmann S., Bittle E.G., Richter L.J., Hallani R.K., Anthony J.E, & Gundlach D.J. (2021). The role of orientation in the MEL response of OLEDs. Journal of materials chemistry. C, 9(31), 10.1039/d1tc00314c.
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9

Organic Semiconductor Materials Protocol

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PEDOT:PSS (Clevios P VP
AI 4083, Heraeus),
Bathocuproine (BCP 99.6%, Sigma Aldrich), Silver (99.99%, Angstrom),
α-6T (Lumtec), and molybdenum oxide (MoOx, 99.999%, Strem) were purchased and used as received.
Raboui H., Josey D.S., Jin Y, & Bender T.P. (2020). Initial Engineering and Outdoor Stability Assessment of “Gray/Black” Fullerene-Free Organic Photovoltaics Based on Only Two Complementary Absorbing Materials: A Tetrabenzotriazacorrole and a Subphthalocyanine. ACS Omega, 5(39), 25264-25272.
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10

Perovskite Solar Cell Fabrication

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Dimethylformamide (DMF-anhydrous-Sigma-Aldrich),
dimethyl sulfide (DMSO-anhydrous-Sigma-Aldrich), toluene (anhydrous-Sigma-Aldrich),
chlorobenzene (CB-anhydrous-Sigma-Aldrich), dichlorobenzene (DCB-anhydrous-Sigma-Aldrich),
poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine] (PTAA) (Solaris Chem),
MeO-2PACz (TCI), PFN-Br (Sigma-Aldrich), [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric
acid methyl ester (PCBM-99%-Solenne), bathocuproine (BCP-96%-Sigma-Aldrich),
SnOx ink (N30-Avantama), methylammonium bromide (MABr-99.99%-Greatcell
solar), formamidinium iodide (FAI-99.99%-Greatcell solar), cesium
iodide (CsI-99.99%-Sigma-Aldrich), lead bromide (PbBr2-TCI), lead
iodide (PbI2-TCI), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (BMITFB-98%-ACROS),
oleylamine (OAm-Sigma-Aldrich), and benzylhydrazine hydrochloride
(BHC-Life Chemicals) were purchased and used without further purification.
Glass/ITO substrates (10 Ω/sq) were purchased from Kin-Tec.
Reddy S.H., Di Giacomo F., Matteocci F., Castriotta L.A, & Di Carlo A. (2022). Holistic Approach toward a Damage-Less Sputtered Indium Tin Oxide Barrier Layer for High-Stability Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells and Modules. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 14(45), 51438-51448.
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