The BLS education including practical skills training was included in both groups with equal training manikins and cardboard training AEDs (MiniAnne, Laerdal Medical, Stavanger, Norway) for practice while watching an instruction film. The training was instructor-directed or self-directed. The instructor-directed training took place in groups of 12–25 participants (one or two instructors/group) and lasted for about 90–120 minutes. The film lasted for 60 minutes and contained an OHCA situation and practical instructions on how to perform CPR and use an AED. The self-directed training contained the same 60-minute film or a mobile application which lasted for 30 minutes with the same instructions but without the OHCA situation. The self-directed participants were able to attend the instructions and practical training as many times as they wanted for about two weeks. The BLS training alone constituted the control group.
Minianne
Manufactured by Laerdal
Sourced in Norway
MiniAnne is a portable, low-cost manikin designed for basic life support training. It features a realistic airway and chest rise to provide trainees with hands-on experience in administering rescue breaths and chest compressions.
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Lab products found in correlation
5 protocols using minianne
1
Evaluation of BLS Training Techniques
2
CPR Training with ERC Guidelines
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All CPR training was performed in accordance with the ERC guidelines 2010.15 (link) During training, all students used an individual training manikin, Mini Anne (Laerdal Medical, Stavanger, Norway). Based on instructions in Swedish on a 31 min film, produced by the Swedish Resuscitation Council, the whole class practised together to identify a cardiac arrest, raise the alarm in an emergency and how to perform compressions, ventilations and the recovery position. The teacher acted as a facilitator, introduced the lesson, started the film, paused if necessary, gave advice on the fly, answered questions and completed the course.
3
Standardized CPR Training Interventions
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All intervention groups (O, T and RT) received standardised practical CPR training and the participants used an individual training manikin, MiniAnne (manufactured by Laerdal, Stavanger,Norway), during training. The training sessions were conducted in accordance with current European Resuscitation Council guidelines.20 (link) Training was performed in a whole-class set-up with 14–29 students in each class. Teachers at the schools, who all were CPR instructors, were responsible for the CPR training.6 9 18 (link) They received oral and written information to be updated on the present interventions. CPR training was carried out during a 45–60 min lesson. The training was either mobile application or digital video disc based,21 (link) evenly distributed in the intervention groups (table 1 ). The teachers served as facilitators of the CPR training sessions as previously described.21 (link) After the standardised practical CPR training, the additional interventions, test and reflection, were performed.
4
CPR Training on Toilet Paper Trainers
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We conducted a non-inferiority randomized control trial of general public visitors over the age of 12 attending Science North, a science centre in Sudbury, Ontario, Canada that hosts 250,000 visitors annually. Participants were approached from July-August 2020 if they interacted with the CPR training exhibit at Science North. A research associate explained the study and obtained informed consent from each participant. Participants were randomized to the trainers using opaque sealed envelopes 1:1 to a 10-min training session on a toilet paper or commercial (Laerdal Mini Anne) trainer. We used a variable block randomization with block sizes of 4,6 or 8. The randomization list was generated by principal investigator (RO) with an online random number generator (Research Randomizer Version 4.0).6 This study was approved by the local research ethics board.
5
Validating Peer-led BLS Training for School Children
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This validation study was associated with a study investigating the effectiveness of peer-led hands-on BLS training for school children compared with professional-led training [5 (link)]. The study took place at eight schools in Hamburg, Germany, during the awareness-weeks of the national campaign “einlebenretten” (“save one life”) in September 2013 and 2014 and the local campaign “Hamburg rettet Leben” (“Hamburg saves lifes”) in March 2014. The assessment was part of an educational event at the schools and included school children of grades 7 to 10 (twelve to sixteen years old). The educational event lasted three hours and consisted of three parts. Part one was a 30-min lecture based on a lecture for the school children (available at the platform “www.einlebenretten.de ”) provided by a physician. Part two consisted of 45 min hands-on training in basic life support (BLS) in groups of 10–14 school children with two instructors using “MiniAnne” (Laerdal®). Every group used 4 MiniAnne mannequins and every child practiced all skills evaluated with the formative-assessment in two-rescuer-scenarios. The third part was the “Assessment”.
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