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11 protocols using granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor

1

Isolation of Peritoneal Macrophages

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Intraperitoneal injection of 1 mL 9% casein (Sigma Aldrich) was used to induce sterile inflammation in 6- to 10-week-old mice 4 days prior to collection of peritoneal cells. The peritoneal cavity was flushed with 10 mL PBS and the lavage fluid was centrifuged at 300× g for 5 minutes to collect peritoneal cells. Cells were plated overnight at 1×106 cells/mL in DMEM (GIBCO) with 10% FBS (Corning), 1% penicillin-streptomycin (GIBCO, Life Technologies), 1% non-essential amino acids (GIBCO), 1% sodium pyruvate (GIBCO), and 10 ng/mL granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (StemCell Technologies) for adherence. Non-adherent cells were aspirated the next day, and each well was washed with PBS before adding fresh media. Adherent macrophages were lifted using Cell Stripper (Corning, NY).
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2

Isolation and Characterization of Murine Macrophages

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Peritoneal macrophage (Mφ) isolation: Mice were sacrificed and the peritoneal liquid was collected. The pallet was diluted with RPMI1640 medium (Thermo Fisher, United States).
Bone marrow-derived Mφ (BMDM) culturing: Femurs from 4 weeks-age mice were collected and bone marrow was flushed out with cold PBS. Blood cell lysis buffer was added to the pellet for 5 min and the acquired cell medium was filtered by a 10 μm cell filter. After centrifugation, cells were dilated with complete solution (RPMI1640, 10% fetal borine serum, 1% Penicillin-Streptomycin solution, 50 ng/ml Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor) (Stemcell technology, Canada). The medium was replaced every 2 days. On day 7, M0 Mφs were harvested for further experiments.
A total of 20 μl microparticles (Thermofisher, United States) diluted in 2000 μl 1% BSA were incubated at 37°C for 30 min and subsequent ultrasonic treatment for 5 min; then, 105 Mφs were added to the microparticle solution and incubated for 1.5 h at 37°C. After centrifugation and washing, cells were diluted in 500 μl PBS and subjected to flow cytometry analysis at the fluoresceine isothiocyanate (FITC) wavelength (488 nm).
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3

Isolation and Characterization of Peritoneal and Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophages

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For peritoneal Mφ preparation, mice were anesthetized and sterilized PBS was injected into the abdominal cavity. After the massage, the liquids were isolated and centrifuged. The formula was diluted in a 1640 complete medium.
For the bone marrow-derived macrophage (BMDM), 4 week-old male mice were sacrificed and bone marrow from femurs was incubated with blood cell lysis buffer (Beyotime, China) for 5 minutes. Filtered cells were cultured with the 1640 medium in the presence of the granulocyte-macrophagecolony-stimulating factor (STEMCELL Technologies, Canada) at a concentration of 55 ng/ml. Mφs were collected on day 7.
105 Mφs were cultured with prepared microparticle solution (Thermo Fisher, USA) for 2 hours at 37°C and then mounted at the fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) wavelength (488 nm).
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4

Neutrophil Isolation from Sterile Inflammation

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Intraperitoneal injection of 1 mL 9% casein (Sigma Aldrich) was used to induce sterile inflammation in 6- to 10-week-old mice 16 hours prior to collection, and boosted again 3 hours prior to lavage. To collect cells, the peritoneal cavity was flushed with 10 mL PBS and the lavage fluid was centrifuged at 300× g for 5 minutes. Neutrophils were isolated using a negative bead selection kit (StemCell Technologies), which routinely yields > 95% neutrophils. Cells were diluted to 2.5 × 106 neutrophils/mL and were plated in RPMI (GIBCO) supplemented with 10% FBS (Corning), 1% penicillin-streptomycin (GIBCO), 1% non-essential amino acids (GIBCO), 1% sodium pyruvate (GIBCO), and 10 ng/mL granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (StemCell Technologies).
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5

Neutrophil-derived Extracellular Vesicle Isolation

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Peritoneal neutrophils were cultured in RPMI (GIBCO) supplemented with 10% exosome-depleted FBS (Systems Biosciences, SBI) containing 1% penicillin-streptomycin, 1% non-essential amino acids, 1% sodium pyruvate, and 10 ng/mL granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (StemCell Technologies). After 6 hours of stimulation, 200 μL of ExoQuick-TC reagent (System Biosciences, SBI) was added to 1 mL of cell-free supernatant from cultured neutrophils and was inverted to mix. The supernatant was incubated overnight at 4°C, and extracellular vesicles were recovered after centrifugation (1500× g for 30 minutes at 4°C). Supernatant was aspirated and dry pellets were resuspended in 1 mL PBS and frozen at −20°C for short-term storage.
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6

Isolation and Intermittent Hypoxia of Primary Microglia

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Primary microglia culture Based on previously described protocols [37 (link)–39 (link)], primary microglial cells were obtained from the cerebral cortices of 3-day-old C57BL/6 mice. After removing the meninges, cortical tissue was digested using 0.05% trypsin. The separated cells were then cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium-F12 supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, 5 ng/ml of Granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor (STEMCELL Technologies, 78017), and penicillin/streptomycin (100 U/ml and 100 mg/ml, respectively) at 37 °C in a 5% CO2 humidified incubator. After 10 days, the mixed cell population was dominated by astrocytes and formed a fused trophoblast. The microglia gradually proliferated and floated in the supernatant. Finally, the cells from the supernatant were harvested and seeded in 35-mm confocal dishes.
IHT for the primary microglial cells The cell cultures were placed in the same intermittent hypoxia chamber used for the experimental mice. The cells were exposed to 21% oxygen (8 min) and 8% oxygen (8 min) for 10 cycles.
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7

Neutrophil-derived Extracellular Vesicle Isolation

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Peritoneal neutrophils were cultured in RPMI (GIBCO) supplemented with 10% exosome-depleted FBS (Systems Biosciences, SBI) containing 1% penicillin-streptomycin, 1% non-essential amino acids, 1% sodium pyruvate, and 10 ng/mL granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (StemCell Technologies). After 6 hours of stimulation, 200 μL of ExoQuick-TC reagent (System Biosciences, SBI) was added to 1 mL of cell-free supernatant from cultured neutrophils and was inverted to mix. The supernatant was incubated overnight at 4°C, and extracellular vesicles were recovered after centrifugation (1500× g for 30 minutes at 4°C). Supernatant was aspirated and dry pellets were resuspended in 1 mL PBS and frozen at −20°C for short-term storage.
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8

Isolation of Peritoneal Macrophages

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Intraperitoneal injection of 1 mL 9% casein (Sigma Aldrich) was used to induce sterile inflammation in 6- to 10-week-old mice 4 days prior to collection of peritoneal cells. The peritoneal cavity was flushed with 10 mL PBS and the lavage fluid was centrifuged at 300× g for 5 minutes to collect peritoneal cells. Cells were plated overnight at 1×106 cells/mL in DMEM (GIBCO) with 10% FBS (Corning), 1% penicillin-streptomycin (GIBCO, Life Technologies), 1% non-essential amino acids (GIBCO), 1% sodium pyruvate (GIBCO), and 10 ng/mL granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (StemCell Technologies) for adherence. Non-adherent cells were aspirated the next day, and each well was washed with PBS before adding fresh media. Adherent macrophages were lifted using Cell Stripper (Corning, NY).
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9

Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cell Assay

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CML or normal CD34+ hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells were seeded in triplicates in 24-well plates in MethoCult H4435 Enriched Medium (containing SCF, interleukin 3, interleukin 6, erythropoietin, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (Stemcell Technologies)) in the absence or presence of the indicated concentrations of imatinib and/or S63845. Whole wells were photographed after 12–14 days using an IncuCyte S3 Live Cell Analysis System (Essen Bioscience). Colonies were analyzed and quantified using ImageJ (ImageJ, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, http://rsb.info.nih.gov/ij/) with customized macros. Minimum colony size, intensity threshold and other parameters were optimized based on preliminary manual counts.
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10

Quantifying Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells

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Colony-forming cells (CFCs) were assayed in semisolid media as previously described.1 (link)-4 (link) Briefly, 5 × 102 cells were plated per dish in duplicate cultures containing 1mL IMDM with 1.1% methylcellulose supplemented with 30% FBS, 5 × 10−5 M 2-ME (StemCell Technologies, Vancouver, BC, Canada), 100 ng/mL SCF, 100 ng/mL FL, 50 ng/mL IL-3, 50 ng/mL IL-6, 50 ng/mL granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and 5 U/mL erythropoietin. All cytokines were purchased from Cell Genix. The colonies were enumerated after 14 days using standard criteria. Fold expansion was calculated by dividing the number of total CFU-mix at Day 9 by the total number of CFU-mix at Day 0.
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