Methoxamine

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, Germany

Methoxamine is a laboratory reagent used as a vasoconstrictor in various experimental and analytical applications. It acts by stimulating alpha-adrenergic receptors, leading to constriction of blood vessels. Methoxamine is commonly utilized in research settings to study cardiovascular function and the effects of sympathomimetic drugs.

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Lab products found in correlation

Acetylcholine, by Merck Group (6 mentions) Linopirdine, by Merck Group (4 mentions) Phenylephrine, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Male wistar rats, by Janvier Labs (2 mentions) Powerlab, by ADInstruments (2 mentions) Epigallocatechin gallate (egcg), by Merck Group (2 mentions) Chart software, by ADInstruments (2 mentions) Indomethacin, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Propranolol, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Ave1231, by Sanofi (2 mentions) N methyl n trimethylsilyl trifluoroacetamide, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Pyridine, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Stromatoxin, by Alomone (2 mentions) Iberiotoxin, by Alomone (2 mentions) Xe991, by Bio-Techne (2 mentions) Dpo 1, by Bio-Techne (2 mentions) Ln229, by American Type Culture Collection (1 mentions) Temozolomide, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Norepinephrine, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Epinephrine, by Merck Group (1 mentions)

Spelling variants of this product

Methoxamine hydrochloride (27 citations) Methoxamine hydrochloride (MeOX), (2 citations)

24 protocols using methoxamine

Glioblastoma Cell Lines and Compounds

Cited 1 time

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Human glioblastoma cell line LN229 was obtained from the American Type
Culture Collection (ATCC, Manassas, VA) and was authenticated in 2017 by
comparison of STR profile to the ATCC public dataset. Gli36 was provided by Dr.
Khalid Shah, Boston, MA. Normal Human Astrocyte (NHA) was purchased from
ScienCell. LN229 and NHA were maintained in Delbecco’s modified Eagle
medium (DMEM) with 4.5g/L glucose, L-glutamine and sodium pyruvate supplemented
with 10% fetal bovine serum and 1% Penicillin/Streptomycin/Amphotericin.
Patient-derived glioma neurosphere lines (MGG4, MGG123, MGG152) were established
from patient tumors and cultured in serum-free neural stem cell medium as
described previously.(25 (link)–27 (link)) Temozolomide and Methoxamine were
purchased from Sigma. Veliparib was from APE-BIO, Olaparib was from Selleckchem
and APE inhibitor was from EMD MILLIPORE.

Higuchi F., Nagashima H., Ning J., Koerner M.V., Wakimoto H, & Cahill D.P. (2020). Restoration of Temozolomide Sensitivity by Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase inhibitors in Mismatch Repair Deficient Glioblastoma is Independent of Base Excision Repair. Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research, 26(7), 1690-1699.

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Vasoactive Drug Evaluation Protocol

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Drugs were as follows: A61603 (N-[5-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2-hydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-yl]methanesulfonamide hydrobromide) (Tocris #1052); ABT-866 (N-[3-(1H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl)phenyl]ethanesulfonamide) (synthesized by Synterys, Union City, CA); cirazoline (Tocris now R&D # 0888); dobutamine (Fisher Scientific, ICN#15978010); doxorubicin (Tocris #2252); epinephrine (Sigma #E4375); methoxamine (Sigma #M6524); midodrine (MP-Bio #155717); norepinephrine (Sigma #N5785); oxymetazoline (Tocris #1142); phenylephrine (Sigma #P-6126); propranolol (Fluka #82066); and ST-1059 (Toronto Research Chemicals #S686650).

Montgomery M.D., Chan T., Swigart P.M., Myagmar B.E., Dash R, & Simpson P.C. (2017). An Alpha-1A Adrenergic Receptor Agonist Prevents Acute Doxorubicin Cardiomyopathy in Male Mice. PLoS ONE, 12(1), e0168409.

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Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis Assessment

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High-purity (≧98%) CT, Cell counting Kit-8 (CCK8), and the Annexin V-FITC Apoptosis Detection Kit were purchased from Dalian Meilun Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Dalian, China). DMEM medium (high glucose) was purchased from Hyclone Company (Hyclone, Logan, UT, USA). Fetal bovine serum (FBS) was obtained from Gibco (Grand Island, NY, USA). The BCA Protein Assay Kit and propidium iodide were purchased from Shanghai Yeasen Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). RNaseA was obtained from Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. (Waltham, MA, USA). The ATP Assay Kit was purchased from Shanghai Biyuntian Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was purchased from Beijing Solarbio Science and Technology Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China). Myristic acid-1,2-¹³C₂, N, O-Bis (trimethylsilyl) trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA), trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS), pyridine, and methoxamine were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).

Wang T., Yin S., Gu J., Li J., Zhang M., Shan J., Wu X, & Li Y. (2023). Study on the Intervention Mechanism of Cryptotanshinone on Human A2780 Ovarian Cancer Cell Line Using GC-MS-Based Cellular Metabolomics. Pharmaceuticals, 16(6), 861.

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Hepatic Arterial Methoxamine Dose-Response

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The stabilization period was performed in a recirculating mode in absence or presence of the NO-production inhibitor L-NMMA (10^–4 M; Sigma Chemicals Co., Germany). After the stabilization period the wedged catheter outflow was interrupted, allowing the measurement of the wedge pressure. Then, the perfusion was changed to an open mode in presence and absence of L-NMMA, respectively. Dose-response curves using hepatic arterial infusion of 6 consecutive doses of the α₁-agonist methoxamine (10^–6 to 3x10^–4 M; interval time two minutes; Sigma Chemicals Co., Germany) were constructed.
Global liver viability was assessed by gross appearance of the liver, obtention of stable perfusion curves and bile production during the stabilization period (>0.4 μl/min per gr of liver). After the experiment liver and spleen were removed and weighed.

Moeller M., Thonig A., Pohl S., Ripoll C, & Zipprich A. (2015). Hepatic Arterial Vasodilation Is Independent of Portal Hypertension in Early Stages of Cirrhosis. PLoS ONE, 10(3), e0121229.

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Isolated Rat Liver Perfusion for Vascular Assessment

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Immediately after recording in vivo hemodynamics, rat livers were isolated and perfused with Krebs buffer as previously described (n = 5 per group)^{45 (link), 46 (link)}. The perfused rat liver preparation was allowed to stabilize for 20 min before vasoactive substances were added. Intrahepatic microcirculation was pre-constricted by adding the α1-adrenergic agonist methoxamine (Mtx; 10⁻⁴ M; Sigma) to the reservoir, and liver microvascular function was assessed as concentration–response curves to cumulative doses of acetylcholine (Ach; 10^–7–10⁻⁵ M; Sigma). Liver tissue was snap-frozen for subsequent molecular analysis.

de Mesquita F.C., Guixé-Muntet S., Fernández-Iglesias A., Maeso-Díaz R., Vila S., Hide D., Ortega-Ribera M., Rosa J.L., García-Pagán J.C., Bosch J., de Oliveira J.R, & Gracia-Sancho J. (2017). Liraglutide improves liver microvascular dysfunction in cirrhosis: Evidence from translational studies. Scientific Reports, 7, 3255.

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Rat Normotensive Pressure Measurement

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Male Wistar normotensive rats were anesthetized with thiopental (50–75 mg/kg, i.p.). The right carotid artery was cannulated with a polyethylene tube filled with heparin in saline to facilitate pressure measurement using the Datamax apparatus (Columbus Instruments, Columbus, Ohio, USA). The studied compounds were administered after a 15-min stabilization period.
In a separate series of experiments on anesthetized normotensive rats, the effect of studied compounds on the pressor response to methoxamine (Sigma Aldrich) (150 μg/kg) was investigated. Pressor responses to methoxamine injected intravenously were measured before and 30 min after the administration of the tested compound. The amplitudes of the pressure values were measured in 4 independent experiments.

Partyka A., Zagórska A., Kotańska M., Walczak M., Jastrzębska-Więsek M., Knutelska J., Bednarski M., Głuch-Lutwin M., Mordyl B., Janiszewska P, & Wesołowska A. (2020). Antidepressant-like activity and safety profile evaluation of 1H-imidazo[2,1-f]purine-2,4(3H,8H)-dione derivatives as 5-HT1A receptor partial agonists. PLoS ONE, 15(8), e0237196.

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Pharmacological Evaluation of Adrenergic and K+ Channel Modulators

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All salts and other chemicals were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Germany) or Merck (Germany). Using DMSO or PSS, drugs were freshly dissolved on the day of each experiment accordingly to the material sheet. Maximal DMSO concentration after application did not exceed 0.5%. Following concentration of drugs was used: phenylephrine (Sigma-Aldrich) and methoxamine (Sigma-Aldrich) ranged from 0.01 to 100μm; retigabine (Valeant Research North America), flupirtine (Tocris), QO58 (Tocris), QO58-lysine from 0.01 to 30μm; 3μm XE991 (Tocris).

Wang Y., Yildiz F., Struve A., Kassmann M., Markó L., Köhler M.B., Luft F.C., Gollasch M, & Tsvetkov D. (2021). Aging Affects KV7 Channels and Perivascular Adipose Tissue-Mediated Vascular Tone. Frontiers in Physiology, 12, 749709.

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Mesenteric Artery Tension Measurements

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Male wistar rats, 12 weeks old (Janvier Labs, France) were euthanized by cervical dislocation and used in accordance with Directive 2010/63EU on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes, approved by the national ethics committee, Denmark. Rats were group-housed with regular 12-hour light/dark cycles, in clear plastic containers with ad libitum access to food and water and underwent at least one week of habituation. The intestines were removed, and third-order mesenteric arteries were dissected in ice-cold physiological saline solution containing (in mM): 121 NaCl, 2.8 KCl, 1.6 CaCl₂, 25 NaHCO₃, 1.2 KH₂HPO₄, 1.2 MgSO₄, 0.03 EDTA, and 5.5 glucose. Segments, 2 mm in length, of mesenteric artery were mounted on 40 μm stainless steel wires in a myograph (Danish Myo Technology, Aarhus, Denmark) for isometric tension recordings. The chambers of the myograph contained PSS maintained at 37°C and aerated with 95% O₂/5% CO₂. Changes in tension were recorded by PowerLab and Chart software (ADInstruments, Oxford, United Kingdom). The arteries were equilibrated for 30 minutes and normalized to passive force. Artery segments were precontracted with 10 μM methoxamine (Sigma; Copenhagen, Denmark) in the absence or presence of linopirdine (10 μM) (Sigma; Copenhagen, Denmark), before application of ECG, EGCG or EC (Sigma; Copenhagen, Denmark).

Redford K.E., Rognant S., Jepps T.A, & Abbott G.W. (2021). KCNQ5 Potassium Channel Activation Underlies Vasodilation by Tea. Cellular physiology and biochemistry : international journal of experimental cellular physiology, biochemistry, and pharmacology, 55(Suppl 3), 46-64.

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Isolated Rat Liver Perfusion Assessment

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Immediately after recording in vivo hemodynamics, rat livers (n = 8 per group) were isolated and perfused with Krebs buffer as previously described.23, 24 The perfused rat liver preparation was allowed to stabilize for 20 minutes before vasoactive substances were added. Intrahepatic microcirculation was preconstricted by adding the α1‐adrenergic agonist methoxamine (10^‐4 M; Sigma‐Aldrich) to the reservoir, and liver microvascular function was assessed as concentration–response curves to cumulative doses of acetylcholine (10⁻⁷‐10⁻⁵ M; Sigma‐Aldrich). Bile production was monitored through the entire ex vivo perfusion experiment and expressed as μL/min g of liver. At the end of the experiment, liver tissue was snap‐frozen for subsequent molecular analysis.

Gracia‐Sancho J., Manicardi N., Ortega‐Ribera M., Maeso‐Díaz R., Guixé‐Muntet S., Fernández‐Iglesias A., Hide D., García‐Calderó H., Boyer‐Díaz Z., Contreras P.C., Spada A, & Bosch J. (2019). Emricasan Ameliorates Portal Hypertension and Liver Fibrosis in Cirrhotic Rats Through a Hepatocyte‐Mediated Paracrine Mechanism. Hepatology Communications, 3(7), 987-1000.

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Pharmacological Agents in Cardiovascular Research

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Acetylcholine, methoxamine, SNP, indomethacin, L-NAME and ethanol were purchased from Sigma (Poole, UK). All physiological salts were bought from Fischer Scientific (Loughborough, UK). CBD was a generous gift from GW Research Ltd (Cambridge, UK). 0.9% sodium chloride was made by Macopharma Ltd (Twickenham, UK). TWEEN 80 was produced by Fischer. Stock solutions of indomethacin were made to 10 mM in ethanol, and L-NAME was made to 100 mM in distilled water. Serial dilutions of ACh and SNP were made using distilled water.

Wheal A.J., Jadoon K., Randall M.D, & O’Sullivan S.E. (2017). In Vivo Cannabidiol Treatment Improves Endothelium-Dependent Vasorelaxation in Mesenteric Arteries of Zucker Diabetic Fatty Rats. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 8, 248.

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