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7 protocols using a6782

1

Detecting S1PT Antigen Expression in rBCG Strains

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To confirm the expression of the S1PT antigen in rBCG-S1PT, rBCG-S1i, and rBCG-S1+S1i, the rBCG strains were grown in MB7H9 until mid-log phase when cells where centrifuged and washed twice with PBS. Cells were resuspended in PBS and lysed by sonication. Total protein extracts were separated by centrifugation into soluble and insoluble fractions and separated by SDS-PAGE. Protein extracts were electrotransferred to a PVDF membrane using a semidry electroblotter (Owl Separation Systems) and blocked with 5% nonfat dry milk solution for 16 h at 4°C. Mouse polyclonal anti-S1PT generated in-house (1:1,000) was used for antigen detection incubating the membrane for 2 h. The secondary antibody, goat anti-IgG HRP was incubated at 1:2,000 for 1 h (A6782, Sigma). Peroxidase reaction was detected using the ECL Prime Detection Reagent (GE) and a LAS4000 photoimaging equipment (GE).
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2

Western Blot Analysis of Cellular Proteins

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Whole cell lysates were prepared by direct lysis of cells in 1X RIPA buffer (150 mM NaCl, 1.0% IGEPAL® CA-630, 0.5% sodium deoxycholate, 0.1% SDS, 50 mM Tris, pH 8.0) (Sigma-Aldrich, R0278) supplemented with 1X Protease Inhibitor Cocktail (Sigma-Aldrich, P8340) and the phosphatase inhibitors sodium fluoride (10 mM) (Sigma-Aldrich, S1504) and sodium orthovanadate (1 mM) (Sigma-Aldrich, 450243). Lysates were then subjected to SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and wet transfer (BioRad) to a nitrocellulose membrane (BioRad), prior to detection with primary and secondary antibodies diluted in 5% milk/PBS-Tween 20 (Sigma-Aldrich, P7949). Western blots were developed using an ECL detection kit (BioRad ClarityTM 1705061). Primary antibodies used were: mouse anti-β-actin (Sigma-Aldrich, A1978), rabbit anti-CUL1 (Abcam, ab75812), and rabbit anti-NEDD8 (Abcam, ab81264). Secondary antibodies purchased from Sigma-Aldrich were sheep anti-mouse (A6782) and goat anti-rabbit (A6154) horse-radish peroxidase.
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3

Western Blot Analysis of Microglia and Cerebellar Proteins

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Total protein was extracted from microglia by scraping the cells in SDS/sample buffer. Tissue from cerebellar organotypic slices was directly heated at 100°C in sample buffer (7 min). Samples were loaded and size‐separated by electrophoresis using Criterion TGX Precast 12% gels and transferred to Trans‐Blot Turbo Midi PVDF Transfer Packs (Bio‐Rad, Hercules, USA). Membranes were blocked in 5% skimmed milk and 5% serum in Tris‐buffered saline/0.05% Tween‐20 (TBS‐T) and proteins detected by specific primary antibodies to BDNF (#sc‐547, 1:200; Santa Cruz), to MBP (#SMI‐99P, 1:2,000, Covance), to GAPDH (#MAB374, 1:2,000; Millipore), and to β‐actin (#A2066, 1:1,000; Sigma), followed by secondary peroxidase‐coupled goat anti‐rabbit antibodies (#A6154, 1:2,000; Sigma) or sheep anti‐mouse antibodies (#A6782, 1:2,000; Sigma). After washing, blots were developed using an enhanced chemiluminescence detection kit according to the manufacturer's instructions (SuperSignal West Dura or Femto, Pierce). Images were acquired with a ChemiDoc MP system (Bio‐Rad) and quantified using ImageJ software. Values of BDNF and MBP were normalized to corresponding β‐actin and GAPDH signal, respectively.
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4

Recombinant BCG Expression of LTAK63

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Competent BCGΔlysA were prepared as previously described and transformed with pAN71-ltak63-lysA(t) and pAN71-ltak63-lysA(c), generating rBCGΔ-LTAK63(t or c), respectively. Selected clones were grown in MB7H9-OADC until an OD600 1.0, when bacteria were recovered, and protein extracts used to detect the expression of LTAK63 by Western blot (20 (link)). Detection of LTAK63 was performed using anti-serum of mice previously immunized with rLTK63 (1:1,000) incubated for 60 min and an anti-mouse IgG antibody conjugated with peroxidase (A6782, 1:3,000 Sigma-Aldrich®) incubated for 60 min. Additionally, growth curves of complemented auxotrophs were compared to wild-type BCG to determine whether rBCGΔ-LTAK63(t or c) would show altered in vitro growth.
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5

Quantification of Synaptic Proteins in AD Models

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Protein lysates from cortical neurons, 3xTg-AD mice and human brains were separated by SDS-PAGE using 7.5% Tris-Glycine polyacrylamide gels (Bio-Rad). Electrophoresis was conducted in a Tris-Glycine buffer (25 mM Tris, pH 8.3, 192 mM glycine, 0.1% SDS in dH2O) by using the Criterion cell system (Bio-Rad). Blots were developed with rabbit anti-NR2B (1:1000, Millipore, #AB1557P), rabbit anti-pSer1303NR2B (1:1000, Millipore, #07-398), rabbit anti-NR2A (1:1000, Millipore, #AB1555P), rabbit anti-PSD95 (1:500, abcam, #ab18258), mouse anti-synaptophysin (1:500, Millipore, #MAB329), rabbit antiphosho PKC (1:1000, Cell Signaling, #9371), rabbit anti-PKC (1:1000, abcam, #ab179521) and rabbit anti-β-actin (1:5000; Sigma-Aldrich, #A2066). Secondary antibodies conjugated with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) were purchased from Sigma (1:5000, sheep antimouse-HRP #A6782, goat antirabbit-#HRP A6154).
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6

Western Blot Protein Analysis

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Tissue samples (20 μg/lane) were run in 7.5% Tris-Glycine gels and transferred onto nitrocellulose membranes (sc-3724, Santa Cruz Biotechnology). The nitrocellulose membranes were blocked in 10% (w/v) semi fat dry milk in TBS (Tris 0.01 M, NaCl 0.15 M, pH 7.4) for 1 h at room temperature and were incubated with primary antibodies overnight followed by rinses and an incubation with anti-rabbit (#7074, Cell Signalling Technology, Bioké) or anti-mouse (A6782, Sigma) immunoglobulin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase. After several rinses, the membranes were incubated with SuperSignal West Pico Substrate (Pierce) and were exposed to an X-ray film (Pierce) or to a DARQ-7 CCD cooled camera (Vilber-Lourmat) in a SOLO 4S WL system. Levels of optical density (OD) of protein signals were estimated by densitometry analysis using the NIH ImageJ program. Anti-β-actin immunoblots were used to normalize protein loading.
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7

Immunoblotting of Nuclear and Cytoplasmic Extracts

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Nuclear and cytoplasmic protein extracts from mIMCD3 Flp-in myc-HNF1β and mIMCD3 Flp-in wild-type (WT) cells were denatured in Laemmli sample buffer (2% (v/v) SDS, 0.01% (w/v) bromophenol blue, 6% (v/v) glycerol, and 60 mM Tris-HCl/pH 6.8) containing 100 mM of DTT for 30 minutes at 37°C. Subsequently, samples were subjected to SDS-PAGE and used for immunoblotting. Rabbitanti-c-Myc (9E10, 1:500, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, CA, USA), Rabbit anti-HNF1β (SC-22840, 1:500, Santa Cruz Biotechnology), mouse anti-HA (1:5,000, 6E2, Cell signaling) or mouse anti-Flag M2 (F1804, 1:5,000, Sigma-Aldrich) primary antibodies and peroxidase-conjugated sheep anti-mouse (A6782, 1:10,000; Sigma-Aldrich) and peroxidase-conjugated goat anti-rabbit (A4914, 1:10,000; Sigma-Aldrich) secondary antibodies were used to visualize proteins.
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