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9 protocols using alexa fluor 594 goat anti rabbit igg

1

Immunofluorescence Analysis of Choroidal Cell Markers

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HCVECs or mouse choroidal flats plated on gelatin‐coated glass slides were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA), permeabilized with 2% bovine serum albumin (BSA; A7030, Sigma Aldrich) and 0.5% Triton X‐100 in PBS, blocked with background buster (NB306, Innovex Biosciences, USA) and incubated overnight at 4°C with primary antibodies anti‐AR, anti‐PEDF, anti‐LR and anti‐α‐SMA, followed by secondary antibodies Alexa Fluor 594 goat‐anti‐rabbit IgG (111‐585‐144, Jackson ImmunoResearch Inc., USA), Alexa Fluor 488 goat‐anti‐mouse IgG (115‐545‐003, Jackson ImmunoResearch Inc.), along with DAPI (C1005, Beyotime, China) staining. Digital images have been acquired utilizing a fluorescence microscope (Leica microsystem, Germany). Co‐localization of AR/DAPI or PEDF/LR was analysed using the included Leica LAS‐AF software.
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2

Perfusion and Immunofluorescence Imaging of Mouse Brain

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Mice were anesthetized with an intraperitoneal injection of 250 mg/kg dose of freshly prepared Tribromoethanol (Avertin). They were then transcardially perfused with ice-cold phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) to wash out the blood, and following the discoloration of liver, the buffer was replaced to freshly prepared ice-cold 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA) with the assistance of circulating pump to supply sufficient perfusion pressure. After 20 min perfusion, the brain tissue was extracted from the skull and was fixed overnight in 4% PFA. The fixed brain tissue was placed in 30% sucrose for 48 hr at 4°C. Brain tissue was then submerged into OTC compound (Sakura Finetek, Torrance, CA) and frozen in liquid nitrogen. 30 µm coronal sections were cut using a cryotome (Leica) and mounted on Fisherbrand Superfrost Plus Microscope Slides. Sections were permeabilized using 0.25% Triton-x100 in PBS for 30 min, washed three times in PBS, and incubated with primary antibody against hepcidin overnight at 4°C. Sections were then washed three times in PBS and incubated with Alexa Fluor594 Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG at 1:200 (Jackson ImmunoResearch) for 2 hr at room temperature. Nuclei were counterstained with DAPI containing ProLong Gold Antifade mounting media (Invitrogen) and images of frontal cortex were acquired using a Zeiss Axio Observer.Z1 fluorescence microscope.
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3

Plasmid Construction and Antibody Validation

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Plasmids pcDNA3.1-FLAG-SET8, pcDNA3.1-FLAG-UHRF1, pcDNA3.1-DNMT1, pcDNA3.1-HA-SET8, pcDNA3.1-His-Ub, pcDNA3.1-Myc-LSD1, pcDNA3.1-Myc-USP7 and pPYCAGIP-FLAG-UHRF1 were constructed in our laboratory as previously described (16 (link),38 (link),39 (link)). All mutants were generated by PCR-based point mutagenesis strategy and verified by DNA sequencing. The following antibodies were used in this study: Pan-Kme antibody (Abbkine Abm40195), UHRF1 (proteintech 21402-1-AP), monoclonal DNMT1 (homemade), monoclonal LSD1 (homemade), SET8 (Cell Signaling Technology C18B7), DNMT3A (Santa Cruz sc-20703), p53 (Santa Cruz sc-126), Ub (Santa Cruz sc-8017), GAPDH (Abmart M20006L), β-ACTIN (Sigma A5441), H3 (Abcam ab1791), H3S10P (Epitomics 1173-1), FLAG (Sigma 7425/1804), Myc (Abmart 20002 mouse), and BrdU (Sigma B8434). The following secondary antibody were used: Alexa Fluor 680 goat anti-rabbit IgG (Jackson ImmunoResearch 111-625-144), Alexa Fluor 790 goat anti-mouse IgG (Jackson ImmunoResearch 115-655-146), Alexa Fluor 594 goat anti-rabbit IgG (Jackson ImmunoResearch, 111-585-003) and Alexa Fluor 488 goat anti-mouse IgG (Jackson ImmunoResearch, 115-545-003).
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4

Epigenetic Regulation Assay using Antibodies

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The commercial antibodies used in this study and their sources are as follow: histone H3 (ab1791), UBC9 (ab33044), Sin3A (ab129087), histone H3 phospho S10 (ab14955), γH2AX (ab81299), lamin B1 (ab16048) and lamin A/C (ab133256) from Abcam; SUMO-1 (ET1606-53) and SUMO-2/3 (ET1701-17) from HUABIO; H3K4me3 (07-473) from Sigma-Aldrich; HDAC1 (A0238) and HDAC2 (A2084) from ABclonal; p62 (CY9081) from Abways; RARP (#9542), Caspase-3 (#9662) from CST; FLAG, HA, and GAPDH from Abmart. RbAp46 and acetylated H3 antibodies were homemade. The following secondary antibody were used: Alexa Fluor 680 goat anti-rabbit IgG (Jackson ImmunoResearch, 111-625-144); Alexa Fluor 790 goat anti-mouse IgG (Jackson ImmunoResearch, 115-655-146); Alexa Fluor 594 goat anti-rabbit IgG (Jackson ImmunoResearch, 111-585-003); Alexa Fluor 488 goat anti-mouse IgG (Jackson ImmunoResearch, 115-545-003). ML-792 (HY-108702) was purchased from MCE.
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5

Immunofluorescence Staining of NB Cells

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After the designated treatments, NB cells were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for 30 min, permeabilized with 0.3% Triton X-100 for 15 min, incubated in 5% BSA for 1 h (all the above steps were conducted at room temperature), and incubated with primary antibodies overnight at 4°C. The next day, Alexa Fluor 594 goat anti-rabbit IgG (Jackson, West Grove, PA, United States) or Alexa Fluor 488 goat anti-mouse IgG (Jackson, West Grove, PA, United States) was used as the secondary antibody. After incubation with the secondary antibody at room temperature for 1 h in the dark, the nuclei were stained with DAPI (Biosharp, Shanghai, China) for 5 min. Finally, the images were photographed by fluorescence microscopy (Olympus, Tokyo, Japan).
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6

Immunofluorescence Staining of Cultured Cells

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Cells grown on slides were washed with 1× PBS and fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde for 20 min at 4°C. After fixation, the cells were permeabilized with 1% Triton X-100 in 1× PBS for 20 min at 4°C and then the cells were blocked with 5% bovine serum albumin (BSA) (Sigma) in 1× PBS for 1 hr at 37°C and incubated with primary antibodies overnight at 4°C. After washing three times with 1 × PBS, the cells were incubated with Alexa Fluor® 594 goat anti-rabbit IgG (Jackson ImmunoResearch, 111-585-003, 1:500) and Alexa Fluor® 488 goat anti-mouse IgG (Jackson ImmunoResearch, 115-545-003, 1:500) at 37°C for 1 h. Finally, the nuclei were stained by Hoechst 33342 (Sigma). After washing three times with 1× PBS, the images were acquired with a Leica SP8 confocal microscope.
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7

Immunohistochemical Staining Protocol

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For immunohistochemical staining of CD3, VCAM-1/ICAM-1, and B220, sections were incubated with the following primary antibodies: rat anti-human CD3 which reacts with mouse CD3 (Serotec, Raleigh, NC), rat anti-mouse VCAM-1 (Santa Cruz, Dallas, TX), rat anti-mouse ICAM-1 (Abcam, Cambridge, MA), and rat anti-mouse CD45R/B220 (BD Pharmingen, San Jose, CA), respectively, followed by a biotinylated secondary antibody (Jackson ImmunoResearch, West Grove, PA). For Ki-67 and Iba-1 staining, sections were individually incubated with rabbit anti-mouse Ki-67 (Vector Labs, Burlingame, CA) and rabbit anti-mouse Iba-1 (WAKO, Richmond, VA), followed by the DakoCytomation Envision+Dual Link System-HRP kit (Dako, Carpentaria, CA). For immunofluorescence staining, sections were incubated with rabbit anti-mouse glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) (Millipore, Billerica, MA), followed by goat anti-rabbit IgG Alexa Fluor 594 (Jackson ImmunoResearch).
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8

Immunofluorescence Localization of HBx and Hepsin

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Cells were plated on coverslips overnight at 37°C and then fixed with 4% formaldehyde at room temperature for 15 min. The cells were treated with 0.2% Triton X-100 in PBS on ice for 10 min and then washed 4 times with 500μl PBS. HBx was detected with anti-HBx antibody (Abcam, UK) and visualized with goat anti-rabbit IgG-Alexa Fluor 594 (Jackson, USA). Hepsin was detected with anti-V5 antibody (Invitrogen, USA) and visualized with goat anti-mouse IgG-Alexa Fluor 488 (Jackson, USA). 4′, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride (DAPI) (Beyotime, China), was used for nuclear staining. Images were taken on a Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope (Leica TCS SP5, Germany).
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9

Immunofluorescence Staining of Cardiomyocytes

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The cells were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for 10 minutes and then permeabilized in 0.4% Triton X-100 for 6 minutes. The fixed cells were blocked with 5% normal goat serum for 1 hour at room temperature. Samples were incubated overnight at 4°C with following primary antibodies: mouse polyclonal anti-α-ACTININ (1:400, Sigma), rabbit polyclonal anti-connexin-43 (0.5μg/ml, Boster Biological). The samples were rinsed with PBS and stained for 1 hour with the following secondary antibodies: goat anti-mouse IgG Alexa Fluor488, goat anti-rabbit IgG Alexa Fluor594 (all from Jackson Immuno Research Laboratories, West Grove, PA, 1:1,000). All samples were counterstained with Hoechst 3342 (1μg/ml, Sigma-Aldrich) for 3 min. A Zeiss Observer microscope was used for slide observation and image capture. Sarcomere lengths were measured using Image J software. We analyzed the hESC-CM sarcomere length (measured by the distance between Z-disks) and the cell circularity index (Circularity = 4π·Area / Perimeter2) using previously published methods [43 (link), 70 (link), 71 (link)].
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