The subjects' skin was first carefully prepared by shaving, abrading and cleaning with alcohol. Bipolar silver chloride (Ag/ AgCL) surface electrodes (Kendall Medi-Trace TM , Mansfield, MA, USA) that were 1 cm in diameter with an interelectrode distance (centre to centre) of 2 cm were placed on the SOL muscle along the mid-dorsal line of the leg, ~5 cm below the insertion of the two heads of the gastrocnemii on the Achilles tendon. The reference electrode was placed on the patella. The placement of the electrodes was marked on the skin with an indelible pen to ensure that the same recording sites were used in the successive experimental sessions. The EMG signal was amplified with a bandwidth frequency ranging from 5 Hz to 1 kHz (Gain = 1000). The EMG signals were sampled at 2 kHz with the Biopac acquisition system (MP35; BIOPAC, Goleta, CA, USA) and stored with commercially available software (BIOPAC student Lab Pro; Biopac system Inc.) for analysis.
Student lab pro
Manufactured by Biopac
Sourced in United States
The BIOPAC Student Lab Pro is a comprehensive data acquisition system designed for educational and research applications. It provides the necessary hardware and software to capture and analyze various physiological signals, including but not limited to electrocardiography (ECG), electromyography (EMG), and electrodermal activity (EDA). The system is intended to facilitate hands-on learning and experimentation in the fields of biology, physiology, and related disciplines.
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5 protocols using student lab pro
1
EMG Recording of Soleus Muscle
2
Cisplatin-Induced Sciatic Nerve EMG Assessment
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Electromyographic (EMG) studies were performed 10 days after the injection of cisplatin. EMG recordings were obtained 3 times from the right sciatic nerve, stimulated supramaximally (intensity 10 V, duration 0.05 ms, frequency 1 Hz, in the range of 0.5–5000 Hz, 40 kHz/s with a sampling rate) by a bipolar subcutaneous needle stimulation electrode (BIOPAC Systems, Inc, Santa Barbara, CA, USA) from the sciatic notch. Compound muscle action potentials (CMAP) were recorded from 2-3 interosseous muscles by unipolar platinum electrodes. Data were evaluated by Biopac Student Lab Pro version 3.6.7 software (BIOPAC Systems, Inc) where distal latency and amplitude of CMAP were used as the parameters. During the EMG recordings, rectal temperatures of the rats were monitored by a rectal probe (HP Viridia 24-C; Hewlett-Packard Company, Palo Alto, CA, USA) and the body temperature of each rat was kept at approximately 36-37°C by a heating pad. Following the EMG recordings, animals were euthanized and blood samples were collected with cardiac puncture for biochemical measurements. These samples were centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 minutes at room temperature and stored at −20°C until they are assayed.
3
Tail Systolic Pressure Measurement
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The systolic arterial pressure of the tail was measured one week before euthanasia with a tail plethysmograph. The animals were warmed in a wooden box at 40°C with heat generated by two incandescent lamps for four minutes to cause vasodilation artery tail and were then transferred to an iron cylindrical support that was specially designed to allow total exposure of the animal's tail. A sensor (KSM-microphone) was placed in the proximal region of the tail, coupled to an electro-sphygmomanometer, Narco Bio-System, model 709-0610 (International Biomedical Inc, TX, USA) [44] (link). The electro-sphygmomanometer was attached to a computer where the systolic arterial pressure was measured with the software Biopac Student Lab PRO (Biopac Systems Inc., CA, USA).
4
Electromyographic Evaluation of Leg Muscles
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The subjects’ skin was first carefully prepared by shaving, abrading and cleaning with alcohol. Then, bipolar silver chloride (Ag-AgCL) surface electrodes (Kendall Medi-Trace™, Canada) of 1-mm diameter with an inter-electrode distance (centre-to-centre) of 2 cm were placed along the mid-dorsal line of the right leg, ~5 cm below the insertion of the two heads of the gastrocnemii on the Achilles tendon for the SOL measurements. Gastrocnemius medialis (GM) recording electrodes were fixed lengthwise over the middle of the muscle belly. The GM was chosen rather than the gastrocnemius lateralis because its behaviour through experimental conditions was reported to be similar to the gastrocnemius lateralis [3 (link),30 (link),31 (link)] and neuromuscular measurements are more reliable on this muscle [17 (link)]. The reference electrodes were placed on the patella of the left leg. The placement of the electrodes was marked on the skin with an indelible pen to ensure that the same recording site was used in the subsequent experimental sessions (i.e., during the six weeks). The EMG signal was amplified using a bandwidth frequency ranging from 5 Hz to 1 kHz (gain = 500), sampled at 2 kHz using the Biopac acquisition system (MP35, BIOPAC, Goleta, USA) and stored with commercially available software (BIOPAC student Lab Pro, Biopac Systems Inc., Goleta, USA) for off-line analysis.
5
Measuring Ankle Muscle EMG Activity
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At the beginning of the experimental session, the participants' skin was carefully prepared by shaving and cleaning with alcohol. Pairs of silver chloride (Ag-AgCl) surface electrodes (Kendall Medi-Trace™, Canada) of 1 cm diameter with an inter-electrode distance (center-tocenter) of 2 cm were used to record the EMG activity of the ankle muscles (Fig. 1B). The SOL recording electrodes were placed along the mid-dorsal line of the right leg, ~5 cm below the insertion of the two heads of the gastrocnemii on the Achilles tendon. The GM and GL recording electrodes were fixed longitudinally over the middle of the muscle belly. The EMG activity of the tibialis anterior was also recorded to assess any potential coactivation. For this muscle, the electrodes were positioned on a line, one third of the distance between the fibula and the tip of the medial malleolus. The reference electrodes were placed on the patella of the left leg.
The torque and EMG signals were both sampled at 2 kHz using two synchronized Biopac acquisition systems (MP35, Biopac, Goleta, USA), and stored with commercially available software (BIOPAC student Lab Pro, Biopac, Goleta, USA), for off-line analysis. The EMG signal was amplified using a bandwidth frequency ranging from 5 Hz to 500 Hz (gain = 500).
The torque and EMG signals were both sampled at 2 kHz using two synchronized Biopac acquisition systems (MP35, Biopac, Goleta, USA), and stored with commercially available software (BIOPAC student Lab Pro, Biopac, Goleta, USA), for off-line analysis. The EMG signal was amplified using a bandwidth frequency ranging from 5 Hz to 500 Hz (gain = 500).
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