Al2O3 FPs were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA, #06300). Al2O3 FPs were prepared in suspension in PBS (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA, #10010023). LPS from Escherichia coli (O111:B4 type, #L2630) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). DSS (40 kDa, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA, #42867) was dissolved at 5% concentration in sterile drinking water, placed in cage water bottles, and provided to mice.
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