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9 protocols using ab24647

1

Subcellular Fractionation and Western Blot Analysis

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AEC were lysed on ice in RIPA (Radioimmunoprecipitation assay) buffer (50 mM Tris pH 7,4, 150 mM NaCl, 1% (v/v) Igepal, 1% (w/v) sodium deoxycholate, 5 mM iodoacetamide and 0,1% (v/v) SDS) supplemented with protease inhibitor cocktail inhibitor (Roche diagnostics), then lysates were clarified by centrifugation (13,000 × g for 10 min at 4 °C). Ten µg of total proteins quantified by Biorad DC protein Assay Reagent Package (Biorad) were submitted to electrophoresis. Subcellular Protein Fractionation Kit (Thermo Scientific) was used to resolve proteins according to their subcellular localizations following the manufacturer's instructions.
Primary antibodies were anti–Gli1 (AF3455, R&D Systems), anti-Gli2 (HPA074275, Sigma Aldrich), anti-Gli3 (HPA005534, Sigma Aldrich), anti-Patched1 (E-AB-10571, Elabscience), anti-Smoothened (NBP2-24543, Novus Biologicals), anti-Ck5 (AB24647, Abcam, Cambridge), anti-GAPDH (clone 6C5, Chemicon, Millipore), anti-Foxj1 (14–9965–82, Ebioscience, ThermoFisher Scientific). Membranes were incubated with appropriate dilutions of primary antibody followed by the appropriate peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibody (Bio-Rad Laboratories). Final detection was obtained by enhanced chemiluminescence (GE Healthcare). Detected signals were digitally compared using ImageJ.
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2

Immunohistochemical Profiling of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Markers

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Goat anti-BMP7 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, sc-6899, dilution: 1:25), goat anti-ALK2 (R&D, AF637, 1:50), rabbit anti-ALK3 (Santa Cruz, sc-20736, 1:150), goat anti-ALK6 (Santa Cruz, sc-5679, 1:150), rat anti-CD45 (R&D, MAB114, 1:50), rabbit anti-CK5 (Abcam, ab24647, 1:1200), rabbit anti-CK20 (Abcam, ab53120, 1:200), rabbit anti-Met (phosphorylated Tyr1001, Abcam, ab61024, 1:50), rabbit anti-S100A4/FSP1 (gift from E.G. Neilson, 1:450), rabbit anti-HGF (Santa Cruz, sc-7949, 1:50), rabbit anti-Ki67 (Abcam, ab15580, 1:500) and rabbit anti-p63 (phosphorylated Ser160/162, Cell Signaling, #4981, 1:100). Anti-CD45 is a monoclonal antibody; all other antibodies are polyclonal.
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3

Immunohistochemical Marker Antibodies

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Anti-ALK6 (Santa Cruz, sc-25455, 1:50), anti-CK5 (Abcam, ab24647, 1:300), anti-Met (phosphorylated Tyr1001, Abcam, ab61024, 1:50), anti-FSP1 (gift from E.G. Neilson, 1:150), anti-HGFα (Santa Cruz, sc-7949, 1:50), anti-Tgfbr2 (Santa Cruz, sc-220, 1:100), anti-S100A4/FSP1 (DAKO, A5114, 1:4000) or anti-Ki67 (Thermo Scientific, RM-9106-S, 1:500). anti-Ki67 is rabbit monoclonal; all other antibodies are rabbit polyclonal.
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4

Immunofluorescence Analysis of Epidermal Markers

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Paraffin sections from WT, Dse Het, and KO tails from 3 different locations (n = 3 for each genotype) were rehydrated in decreasing ethanol concentrations and rinsed in PBS. Sections were blocked in 1.5% goat serum and 0.05% Tween/PBS for 1 hr and incubated with primary antibodies (all from Abcam) produced in rabbit against keratin 1 (dilution 1:1000; ab24643), keratin 5 (dilution 1:1000; ab24647), loricrin (dilution 1:200; ab24722), and Ki67 (dilution 1:200; ab16667) overnight at +4°C. Next, sections were rinsed in PBS and incubated with anti-rabbit secondary antibodies produced in goat (dilution 1:200; Alexa Fluor® 488; A11008; Invitrogen), for 2 hr. After incubation, sections were rinsed, dehydrated in increasing concentrations of ethanol and dipped in xylene. Slides were mounted with Vectamount containing DAPI (Vector Labs), and staining was visualized using a Nikon Eclipse 80i microscope (Nikon Instruments, Japan). Ki67 immunolabeling for proliferation in the epidermal layers (n = 3 for each genotype) was analyzed by ImageJ software using the “Analyze Particles” function.
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5

Keratin Expression in Skin of Dse Mice

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Whole body skin (dermis and epidermis) were harvested from newborn WT, Dse Het and KO pups (n = 3 per genotype). Samples (60–100 mg) were homogenized using a Potter-Elvehjem homogenizer on ice in 10 volumes of extraction buffer (Tris 50 mM, pH 7.4, 150 mM NaCl, 1 mM EDTA, 1% DOC, 1% NP-40, 1% SDS, 1 mM DTT, protease inhibitors from Roche, 1mM PMSF), and an equal amount of protein (6 µg per well) was loaded and run on 10% SDS-PAGE. The gels were transferred to PVDF membrane (Hybond™-P, Amersham) and probed first with the primary antibodies against keratin 1 or keratin 5 (dilution 1:3000, ab24643, and ab24647, respectively; Abcam) and Gapdh (dilution 1:2000, sc47724; Santa Cruz) and then with the secondary antibody conjugated with horseradish peroxidase (dilution 1:4000, goat anti-rabbit IgG-HRP, sc2004, Santa Cruz). Signals were detected using ECL Plus detection system (Amersham) according to the manufacturer's instructions and analyzed in ImageJ software (NIH, Bethesda, MD).
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6

Immunofluorescence Profiling of Esophageal Biopsies

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Immunofluorescence staining was performed as previously described 4 (link) on at least four distal esophageal biopsies from control individuals, distal esophageal biopsies with active inflammation from patients with active EoE, or proximal esophageal biopsies without active inflammation from the same patients with active EoE. The average ages of EoE patients and control individuals were 13 and 11 years, respectively. Patient groups were also controlled for race and sex. The following primary antibodies were used at a final concentration of 1 μg/mL: anti–keratin 14 (PRB-155P, Covance), anti–keratin 5 (ab24647, Abcam), anti–keratin 4 (HPA034881, Sigma), or anti-cornulin (AF3607, R&D). Nuclei were stained with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI). Slides were blocked with phosphate-buffered saline with 10% goat or donkey serum. Secondary antibodies (1:500 dilution) used were donkey anti-rabbit Alexa Fluor 647 (A31573, Life Technologies), goat anti-rabbit Alexa Fluor 647 (A21244, Life Technologies), or donkey anti-goat Alexa Fluor 488 (A11055, Life Technologies). Imaging was performed with a Nikon A1 inverted confocal microscope.
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7

Immunofluorescence Staining of Keratins

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Primary antibodies: mouse monoclonal anti-PML (Santa Cruz; PG-M3; 1:400), mouse monoclonal anti-PML (Millipore; clone 36.1-104; 1:400), rabbit monoclonal anti-K15 (Abcam; ab52816; 1:400), rabbit anti-K14 (Abcam; ab175549; 1:400), rabbit anti-K5 (Abcam; ab24647; 1:400), and K10 (Abcam; RKSE60; 1:200). Secondary antibodies used: Alexa Fluor® 488 goat anti-mouse IgG (H + L) (Molecular Probes; 1:500) and Alexa Fluor® 594 goat anti-rabbit IgG (H + L) (Molecular Probes; 1:500).
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8

Immunostaining Protocol for Epithelial Markers

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Mouse monoclonal antibody against IL-33 (clone Nessy-1) (#ALX-804-840-C100) was purchased from Enzo. Rabbit polyclonal antibodies against KRT5 (#ab24647) and Ki-67 (#ab15580) were purchased from Abcam (Abcam, Cambridge, MA). Rabbit polyclonal antibody against KRT14 (#PRB-155P) was purchased from Covance (Covance, Princeton, NJ). Rabbit polyclonal antibody against KRT4 (#HPA034881) was purchased from Sigma (Sigma-Aldrich Corp, St. Louis, MO). Rabbit monoclonal antibodies against E-cadherin (#3195), p75 (#8238), and phospho-histone H3 (#3377) were purchased from Cell Signaling (Cell Signaling Technology, MA). Mouse monoclonal antibody against p63 (#sc-8431) was purchased from Santa Cruz (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, TX). Mouse monoclonal antibody against PCNA (#MAB424) was purchased from Millipore (Billerica, MA). Goat polyclonal antibody against IL-33 (#AF3625) was purchased from R&D (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN). Donkey anti-goat Alexa Fluor 488 (A11055), anti-rabbit Alexa Fluor 568 (A10042), and anti-mouse Alexa Fluor 647 (A31571) secondary antibodies were purchased from Life Technologies (Carlsbad, CA). Mouse anti-HSP90 (TA500494) and mouse anti-GAPDH (TA310153) primary antibodies were purchased from Origene (Rockville, MD).
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9

Immunohistochemical Characterization of Tissues

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Histological and immunohistochemical experiments were performed as described previously24 (link),66 (link). Antibodies against β-gal (Chemicon, AB1211, 1:1200), COUP-TFII (Perseus Proteomics, PP-H7147, 1:1000), GFP (Genetex, GTX13970, 1:100), K5 (Abcam, ab24647, 1:125), Osx (Abcam, ab22552, 1:3000), Runx2 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, sc10758 [M-70], 1:1000), Sox9 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, sc20095 [H-90], 1:150), and tenascin-C (Millipore, AB19013, 1:3000) were used.
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