Magnesium chloride mgcl2

Oxazepam, R,S-Oxazepam glucuronide, ketoconazole, β-glucuronidase, and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Cannabinoids and their metabolites (THC, 11-OH-THC, THC-COOH, and CBD) were purchased from Cayman Chemicals (Ann Arbor, MI, USA) or Sigma-Aldrich after obtaining the appropriate Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) licenses (state and federal). UDP-glucuronic acid (UDPGA) was purchased from Cayman Chemicals (Ann Arbor, MI, USA). Ultra-low binding microcentrifuge tubes, alamethicin, and magnesium chloride (MgCl₂) were purchased from VWR (Radnor, PA, USA). Sekisui Xenotech, LLC (Lenexa, KS, USA) supplied pooled human liver microsomes (HLM; n = 50 subjects, mixed gender) and human kidney microsomes (HKM; n = 8 subjects, mixed gender). Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM), Dulbecco’s phosphate-buffered saline (DPBS), and fetal bovine serum (FBS) were all purchased from Gibco (Grand Island, NY, USA), while geneticin (G418) was purchased from Seradigm (Radnor, PA, USA). BCA protein assays were purchased from Pierce (Rockford, IL, USA). LC–MS-grade methanol, acetonitrile, and ammonium formate were obtained from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). Acquity UHPLC BEH C18 columns (1.7 µm 2.1 × 100 mm) were purchased from Waters (Milford, MA, USA).

ABTS (2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)), Trolox (6-hydroxyl-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid), DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), TFA (trifluoroacetic acid), gallic acid, Folin–Ciocalteu reagent (FC), pepsin from porcine gastric mucosa-lyophilized powder, α-amylase and pancreatin from porcine pancreas, heat-stable α-amylase solution, protease, amyloglucosidase solution, 2-(N-Morpholino) ethanesulfonic acid (MES), and Tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane (TRIS) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Technical grades of methanol (MeOH) (>98.5%), ethanol (C₂H₅OH) (93%), sodium hydroxide (NaOH) (97%), sodium chloride (NaCl) (97%), potassium persulfate (K₂S₂O₈) (100%), sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃) (>99%), nitric acid (HNO₃) (>99%), sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) (>97%), hydrochloric acid (HCl) (37.2% w/w), petroleum ether (C₆H₁₄) (30–60 °C, A.R), Kjeldahl tablet (CuH₁₀O₉S), potassium chloride (KCl) (> 99%), sodium hydrogen carbonate (NaHCO₃) (>99%), sodium chloride (NaCl) (97%), magnesium chloride (MgCl₂) (99%), ammonium chloride (NH₄Cl) (100%), calcium chloride (CaCl₂) (>93%), monopotassium phosphate (KH₂PO₄), and indicators (tashiro and phenolphthalein) were purchased from VWR International (Leuven, Belgium). Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) multi-element standard solution IV was procured from Merck KGak (Darmstadt, Germany).