Voltammetric measurements were carried out using FRA2 µAutolab, PotentioStat/Galvanostat, electrochemical workstation (Metrohm-Autolab, Netherlands) and Zensor, Simulator sensor (ECAS 100, 2nd generation of PotentioStat, Taiwan) coupled screen-printed electrode instruments. The Zensor simulator provides an in-built software program to feed the linear E-pH equation and for instant pH results. Initial experiments were carried out using a conventional three electrodes system consisting of a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) of 0.0707 cm2 geometrical surface area (Tokai, Japan) and its chemically modified form (CME) as a working electrode, Ag/AgCl with 3 M KCl as a reference electrode and platinum wire as a counter electrode. For the pH sensor applications, a Zensor TE100 three-in-one electrode consisting of carbon that was modified with MWCNT@Car-HQ as a working and carbon-layer as a counter and Ag-layer as a reference electrode, was used. A Bio-analytical system (BAS, USA) polishing kit was used to polish the GCE surface. Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectral (4000–400 cm−1) analysis was carried out by using JASCO 4100 Spectrophotometer by the KBr pellet method.
4100 spectrophotometer
Manufactured by Jasco
Sourced in Japan, United States, China
The 4100 spectrophotometer is a laboratory instrument designed to measure the absorption or transmission of light by a sample. It can be used to determine the concentration of a substance in a solution or to analyze the composition of a material.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Dimension icon, by Bruker (1 mentions)
Jsm 6700f microscope, by JEOL (1 mentions)
Sta 6000, by PerkinElmer (1 mentions)
Jem 2010, by JEOL (1 mentions)
Ultraflex s, by Bruker (1 mentions)
Jnm esc400 instrument, by JEOL (1 mentions)
Shodex gpc 101, by Resonac (1 mentions)
Copper 2 chloride, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
2 2 bipyridine, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
2 thiouracil, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
6 methyl 2 thiouracil, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Vario el 3, by Elementar (1 mentions)
Originpro 8, by OriginLab (1 mentions)
Mestrenova, by Mestrelab Research (1 mentions)
6 protocols using 4100 spectrophotometer
1
Voltammetric Measurements and pH Sensing
2
Characterization of Hybrid PDMS Membranes
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The viscosities (η) of the coating solutions were measured by a controlled-strain viscometer (HBDV-ll+P, Brookfield engineering laboratories, Middleboro, MA, USA) at 25 °C. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of the membranes were characterized using a Jasco 4100 spectrophotometer equipped with an attenuated total reflectance accessory. Thermogravimetric (TGA) curves were determined by a thermal analyzer (TGA/DSC, Perkin Elmer, STA 6000) ranging from 50 to 600 °C with a heating rate of 10 °C/min in a nitrogen atmosphere. The surface morphologies of the hybrid PDMS membranes were obtained using atomic force microscopy (AFM; BRUKER Dimension Icon). The surface roughness of membranes was acquired using AFM images (scan field: 5 × 5 μm), recorded in tapping mode. The thickness of the membranes was measured from the cross-section morphologies obtained using scanning electron microscopy (SEM; JEOL JSM-6700F microscope) at an accelerating voltage of 3.0 kV.
3
Stability and Binding Studies of Compounds
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The stability of the compounds was performed in 1% aqueous DMSO and phosphate buffer : DMSO (99 : 1). The stability was analyzed by monitoring the electronic spectra for the period of 24 h at room temperature on a JASCO 4100 spectrophotometer. DNA binding studies, EB-displacement assays, DNA viscosity studies, DNA cleavage experiments and protein binding studies have been done according to the reported methods.30,31,35,44,73 (link) The detailed procedures for these experiments are provided in the ESI.†
4
Characterization of PEGylated Silver Nanoparticles
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1H NMR (400 MHz) and 13C NMR (100 MHz) were measured in CDCl3 using a JNM-ESC400 instrument (JEOL Ltd., Akishima, Japan) at ambient temperature. SEC was performed at 40 °C in THF (flow rate, 1.0 mL/min), using a Shodex GPC-101 (Showa Denko K.K., Tokyo, Japan) gel permeation chromatography system (Shodex DU-2130 dual pump, Shodex RI-71 reflective index detector, and Shodex ERC-3125SN degasser) equipped with a Shodex KF-G guard column (4.6 mm × 10 mm; pore size, 8 μm) and two Shodex KF-804L columns (8 mm × 300 mm) in series. TEM measurements were performed with a JEM-2010 (JEOL Ltd., Akishima, Japan) operated at 200 kV. The size distribution of AgNPs was determined by the average of 150–200 observed particles. UV–Vis absorption spectra were recorded on a JASCO 4100 spectrophotometer (JASCO Co., Tokyo, Japan) at 25 °C. Relative UV–Vis absorption intensity (A/A0 × 100%) of AgNPs without and with NaCl was compared at λmax (409, 405, and 420 nm for HO–PEG5k–OH, c-PEG5k, and MeO–PEG5k–Ome, respectively). MALDI–TOF mass spectrometry was carried out using a Bruker Daltonics Ultraflex-S at the Open Facility, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan.
5
Synthesis and Characterization of Copper(II) Complexes
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The compounds 2-thiouracil, 6-methyl-2-thiouracil, 2,2′-bipyridine, and copper(II) chloride employed in the complex syntheses were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Solvents (grade PA) were commercially obtained and used without further purification. CHN elemental analyses were performed using a Perkin-Elmer 2400 Analyzer (Perkin-Elmer, Waltham, MA, USA). FT-IR spectra were obtained by a JASCO-4100 spectrophotometer (Jasco, Easton, MD, USA) in the spectral window of 4000–400 cm−1, using sample dispersion in KBr. Melting point values were determined on a DF-3600 Instruterm apparatus (Instruterm, São Paulo, SP, Brazil). UV-Vis analyses were performed in the same biological experimental conditions on double beam PerkinElmer Spectrophotometer Lambda 650S using quartz cuvettes of 1 cm optical path. HRMS was performed on a Bruker Mass Spectrometer IES-Q-QTOF-micro TOF III (Bruker Daltonics) in the positive mode (m/z 120–1200), quadrupole Ion energy 5.0 eV and cell collision energy of 10 eV. The samples were prepared using 0.0001 g/mL (water) and 0.1% of formic acid.
6
Characterization of Chitosan Derivatives
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FT-IR spectra were measured from 4000 to 400 cm−1 on a Jasco-4100 spectrophotometer (JASCO Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China) at 25 °C with KBr disks. 1H-NMR spectra were recorded on a Bruker AVIII 500 spectroscopy (Bruker Tech. and Serv. Co., Ltd., Beijing, China), using D2O as solvent with tetramethysilane (TMS) as an internal standard. Chemical shift values were given in δ (ppm). The elemental analyses (C, H, and N) were performed on a Vario EL III (Elementar, Langenselbold, Germany). The Degree of Substitution (DS) of chitosan derivatives was calculated based on the percentages of carbon and nitrogen. The results were processed and reported as mean ± SD by the computer programs Excel (Microsoft, California, WA, USA), OriginPro 8 (OriginLab, Massachusetts, MA, USA), and MestReNova (Mestrelab Research S.L., Asturias, Spain).
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