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38 protocols using am 300

1

Nitration Reactions in Sapphire Autoclave

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The reactions were carried out in a 22.4 cm3 steel autoclave equipped with sapphire windows, magnetic stirrer, and pressure and temperature sensors. An auxiliary 12 cm3 steel dosing vessel with sapphire windows and a magnetic stirrer was used for the preparation of nitrating agent solutions. Melting points were obtained on Stuart® SMP40. 1H and 13C NMR spectra were recorded on a Bruker® AM-300 (300.13 and 75.47 MHz, respectively). The high-resolution mass spectra (HRMS) were measured on a Bruker microTOF II spectrometer via electrospray ionization (ESI).
TFE, O2 (Grade 3.5), N2 (Grade 5) and N2O4 were obtained from Linde Gas Rus. Unless otherwise mentioned, all substrates were purchased from Acros Organics. Substrates 35 and 38 were prepared via a routine etherification procedure.60 (link) Substrate 39 was synthesized from anisole, oxalyl chloride and methanol (see ESI).
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2

NMR Characterization of Block Copolymers

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NMR spectra were recorded on a Bruker AM300 (1H, 300 MHz; 13C, 75 MHz) and a Bruker Advance 400 (1H, 400 MHz; 13C, 100 MHz). Chemical shifts (1H and 13C NMR) were assigned using tetramethylsilane (TMS) as an internal reference and were expressed as parts per million. Coupling constants (J) were expressed in Hertz. NMR spectra were referenced using the residual solvent peak at δ = 7.27 (1H) for CDCl3 and at δ = 2.50 (1H) for DMSO. NMR signals were reported as follows: chemical shift (δ ppm), relative integral, and multiplicity (s = singlet, d = doublet, t = triplet, q = quartet, m = multiplet, dd = doublet of doublet, br = broad). The NMR samples were prepared by dissolving about 10 mg of the compound in 0.5 mL of the deuterated solvent. Spectra were recorded using Bruker TopSpin v3.2 software. Data processing was performed using TopSpin v3.2 or MestReNova v12.0.2 software.
2D Diffusion-Ordered (DOSY) PGSE NMR spectra of the block copolymers were recorded on a Bruker Avance 400 spectrometer 10 mg of the copolymer were dissolved in 0.5 mL of CDCl3 and the spectra were recorded at room temperature without spinning; the parameters δ and Δ were kept constant during the experiments, whereas G was varied from 2 to 95 % in 25 steps, 64 scans per step.
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3

Characterization of Organic Compounds

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The 1H- and 13C-NMR spectra were recorded on Bruker DRX-500 (500.13 and 125.76 MHz, respectively), Bruker AV 600, and Bruker AM 300 (600.13, 300.13 and 150.90 MHz, respectively) in DMSO-d6, with TMS as internal standard. The IR spectra of solid samples were recorded on a Vertex 70 FT-IR spectrometer using a Platinum ATR (Bruker) attachment equipped with a diamond prism in a frequency range from 4000 to 400 cm−1, with a resolution of 2 cm−1. The results were obtained by averaging 16 scans. High-resolution mass spectra were recorded on an Agilent Technologies LCMS 6230B spectrometer (electrospray ionization). Melting points were determined on a Stuart SMP30 apparatus. Assaying of the purity of the starting materials and the synthesized compounds, as well as the analysis of reaction mixtures, was conducted by TLC on Merck TLC silica-gel 60 F254 plates. Eluents: CHCl3, petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, and their mixtures, in different ratios. Visualization of TLC plates was prepared under UV light or in iodine vapor. Commercially available solvents and reagents (Sigma-Aldrich, Merck, Acros Organics) were used in this work.
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4

Characterization of Synthesized Prodrugs

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The digital Gallenkamp (SANYO, Calgary, AB, Canada) melting point apparatus model MPD BM 3.5 was used to determine the melting points. The FTS 3000MX and Bruker AM-300 spectrophotometers were used for FTIR and NMR spectral analysis. The 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectral analysis were performed as CDCl3 solutions. The Agilent 6460 Series Triple Quadrupole instrument (Agilent, Santa Clara, CA, USA) was used to determine the molecular masses of the synthesized prodrugs. The electrospray ionization technique in the positive ion mode (ESI+) was employed for ionization. The purity of the final products was ascertained by preparative thin layer chromatography (TLC) on silica gel HF-254.
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5

Analytical Characterization of Organic Compounds

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Melting points were determined using a Reicher Thermovar apparatus and are uncorrected. NMR spectra were recorded on Bruker AM 300 and 400 spectrometers using solvent as the internal reference (DMSO-d6 at 2.49 ppm, CDCl3 at 7.24 ppm); the chemical shifts are reported in ppm, in δ units. Mass spectra were recorded on a Polarisq Thermo Finnigan spectrometer. Elemental analyses were performed at “Service de microanalyse, Université Joseph Fourier”. Reversed-phase HPLC was performed with a μ-bondapak-C18 analytical column (Waters Associates). A Waters chromatographic system was used, with two M-510 pumps and a photodiode array detector Waters 996 using Millenium 32 software. A linear gradient from 0 to 100% methanol in H2O pH 2.5 (phosphoric acid), 2 mL/min flow rate, was used. All starting reagents were commercially available
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6

Anti-inflammatory Compound Characterization

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All the starting materials were purchased from Daejung (South Korea) and Alfa-Aesar (Germany). Digital Gallenkamp (Sanyo) apparatus was used to record the melting points of final compounds and was uncorrected. Proton NMR (1H-NMR) and carbon-13 (13C-NMR) spectra were checked using Bruker AM-300 in DMSO-d6 at 300 MHz and 75 MHz, respectively, while using TMS as an internal standard. Alpha Bruker FTIR spectrophotometer (ATR eco ZnSe, νmax in cm−1) was used to record FTIR spectra. All reactions were monitored by thin-layer chromatography (TLC). 3,3-diaminobenzidine peroxidase, an ABC Elite kit, mouse anti-COX-2, mouse anti-p-NF-κB, and mouse anti-Iba-1 were procured from (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX, USA). H2O2, Proteinase K, formaldehyde, mounting media, and PBS tablets were acquired from BDH while secondary antibody goat anti-mouse was purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, UK). Other chemicals were procured from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) like solvents and reagents such as 5,5′-dithiobis (2-nitrobenzoic acid), 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, glutathione (GSH), N-(1-naphthyl) ethylenediamine dihydrochloride, and trichloroacetic acid. All chemicals used were of high analytical grade (99% HPLC).
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7

Synthesis and Characterization of Cholesterol Probes

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The cholesterol probe (CP) 10, cholesterol biotin (CB) 13, Biotin alkyne 14 and 20-Hydroxysterol-biotin (20-HCB) 16 are fully described in the Supplemental Experimental Procedures (Scheme 1) and can be obtained from Shanghai Biobond Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. All reagents and chemicals were purchased from commercial suppliers and used without further purification unless otherwise stated. When needed, the reactions were carried out in oven-dried glassware under a positive pressure of dry N 2 . Column chromatography was performed on silica gel (QinDao, 200-300 mesh) using the indicated eluents. Thin-layer chromatography was carried out on silica gel plates (QinDao) with a layer thickness of 0.25mm. Melting points were determined using the MEL-TEMP 3.0 apparatus and uncorrected. 1 H (300 and 400 MHz) and 13 C (100 MHz) NMR spectra were recorded on Bruker AM-300 and Bruker AM-400 spectrometer with CDCl 3 or DMSO-d 6 as solvent and tetramethylsilane (TMS) as the internal standard. All chemical shift values were reported in units of d (ppm). The following abbreviations were used to indicate the peak multiplicity: s = singlet; d = doublet; t = triplet; m = multiplet; br = broad. High-resolution mass data were obtained on a Bruker microOTOF-Q II spectrometer.
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8

Characterization of Bis-QACs by NMR and HPLC

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1H and 13C NMR spectra were recorded on a Bruker AM300 (300 MHz for 1H, 75 MHz for 13C) and Bruker DRX500 (500 MHz for 1H, 125 MHz for 13C) spectrometers at ambient temperature in DMSO-d6 and CDCl3. Chemical shifts are reported relative to residual solvent peaks and coupling constants (J) are given in hertz. Bis-QACs purities were confirmed by HPLC on a Stayer 0892 series HPLC system with Luna® 5 μm C18 100 Å, LC column 250 × 4.6 mm. Mobile phase: 85 : 15 MeCN/H2O (0.25 M NaClO4, 0.1% H3PO4). All melting points were determined on a Gallenkamp melting point apparatus in open capillaries and are uncorrected. Mass spectra were recorded on a Finnigan MAT INCOS 50 mass-spectrometer. IR spectra were recorded with a Bruker ALPHA-T FT-IR spectrometer in KBr pellets.
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9

Synthesis and Characterization of Organic Compounds

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All chemicals were of commercial grade and used directly without purification. Melting points were measured on a Stuart SMP20 apparatus (Stuart (Bibby Scientific), UK). 1H and 13C NMR spectra were recorded on a Bruker AM-300 (at 300.13 and 75.13 MHz, respectively, Bruker Biospin, Germany) or Bruker Avance DRX 500 (at 500 and 125 MHz, respectively, Bruker Biospin, Germany) in DMSO-d6 or CDCl3. J values are given in Hz. HRMS spectra were recorded on a Bruker micrOTOF II mass spectrometer using ESI. UV–Vis absorption spectra were recorded in MeCN (2 × 10−5 M) in standard 10 × 10 × 45 mm quartz cuvettes on a Cary 60 UV–Vis spectrophotometer (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA). Fluorescence spectra were recorded in MeCN (2 × 10−6 M) in standard 10 × 10 × 45 mm quartz cuvettes on a Cary Eclipse fluorescence spectrophotometer (Agilent Technologies). All reactions were monitored by TLC analysis using ALUGRAM SIL G/UV254 plates, which were visualized with UV light. Compounds 1ac were purchased from commercial suppliers. In some cases we were unable to record the 13C NMR spectra of products due to insufficient solubility in common organic solvents (compounds 4d, 5,i,j,o and 6j).
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10

Synthesis and Purification of Fluorescent Nucleic Acid Probes

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All DNA synthesis reagents were purchased from Glen Research. FNA F6, F4, FM6 and M6 were synthesized and purified by Sangon Biotech (Shanghai). FNA Ft6, Ft8 and other oligonucleotides were synthesized on an ABI 3400 synthesizer (Applied Biosystems). Dabcyl CPG was used for all FAM-labeled FNA. The completed sequences were then deprotected in AMA (ammonium hydroxide/40% aqueous methylamine, 1:1) at 65 °C for 30 min and further purified by reversed-phase HPLC (ProStar; Varian) on a C-18 column using 0.1 M triethylamine acetate(TEAA) buffer (Glen Research) and acetonitrile (SigmaAldrich) as the eluents. The collected DNA products were dried and detritylated by dissolving and incubating DNA products in 200 μL of 80% acetic acid for 20 min. The detritylated DNA product was precipitated with NaCl (3 M, 25 μL) and ethanol (600 μL).
Unless otherwise noted below, all commercially available reagents and solvents were purchased from Sigma Aldrich and used without further purification. 1H NMR (TMS as the internal standard) and 19F NMR spectra (CFCl3 as the outside standard and low field positive) were recorded on a Bruker AM300 or Bruker AM400 spectrometer. 13C NMR was recorded on a Bruker AM400 spectrometer. Chemical shifts (δ) are reported in ppm, and coupling constants (J) are in Hertz (Hz).
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