Magnetom verio whole body mri system

All patients underwent MRI scanning in the morning while they were still under the effect of regular dopaminergic medication dose. Meanwhile, all participants were explicitly informed to remain motionless, and not to think about anything special. MRI scans were accessed on a 3.0 T Siemens MAGNETOM Verio whole-body MRI system (Siemens Medical Solutions, Germany). Three-dimensional T1-weighted anatomical images were collected using the following volumetric 3D magnetization-prepared rapid gradient-echo (MP-RAGE) sequence: repetition time [TR] = 1900 ms, echo time [TE] = 2.95 ms, flip angle [FA] = 9°, thickness = 1 mm, slices = 160, field of view [FOV] = 230 × 230 mm², acquisition matrix = 256 × 256 and voxel size = 1 × 1 × 1 mm³. Resting-state functional images were acquired using an echo-planar imaging (EPI) sequence with the following parameters: TR = 2000 ms, TE = 21 ms, FA = 90°, FOV = 256 × 256 mm², in-plane matrix = 64 × 64, slices = 35, thickness = 3 mm, gap = 0 mm, voxel size = 3 × 3 × 3 mm³, total volumes = 240.

MRI scanning were performed with a 3.0 T Siemens MAGNETOM Verio whole-body MRI system (Siemens Medical Solutions, Germany) equipped with eight-channel, phase-array head coils. Tight foam padding was used to minimize head movement and ear-plugs were used to reduce noise. Subjects were instructed to remain motionless, close their eyes, remain awake, and not to think about anything in particular. T1-weighted 3D high resolution anatomical images were acquired using the following volumetric 3D magnetization-prepared rapid gradient-echo (MP-RAGE) sequence: repetition time (TR) = 1900 ms, echo time (TE) = 2.95 ms, flip angle (FA) = 9°, slice thickness = 1 mm, slices = 160, field of view (FOV) = 230 × 230 mm², matrix size = 256 × 256 and voxel size = 1 × 1× 1 mm³. Resting-state functional images were collected using the following echo-planar imaging (EPI) sequence: TR = 2000 ms, TE = 21 ms, FA = 90°, FOV = 256 × 256 mm², in-plane matrix = 64 × 64, slices = 35, slice thickness = 3 mm, no slice gap, voxel size = 3 × 3 × 3 mm³, total 4 volumes = 240.

MRI scans were acquired from all PD patients while their dopaminergic medications were active and their symptoms were well controlled. Brain MRI scans were collected using a 3.0 T Siemens MAGNETOM Verio whole-body MRI system (Siemens Medical Solutions, Germany) with eight-channel, phase-array head coils. T1-weighted anatomical images covering the whole brain, the DTI data, and the resting-state functional images were obtained. Detailed parameters of the MRI scans are provided in Supplementary Material.
The DTI data preprocessing procedures were summarized as follows: brain extraction, realignment, eddy current, motion artifact correction, fractional anisotropy (FA) calculation, and diffusion tensor tractography. To construct whole-brain fiber tractography, the deterministic trachographic method based on Fiber Assignment by Continuous Tracking (FACT) algorithm was used (Nigro et al., 2016 (link)). The primary rs-fMRI data preprocessing steps were as follows: ① removal of the first 10 time points; ② slice timing correction; ③ realignment; ④ spatial normalization using DARTEL; ⑤ spatially smoothing; ⑥ nuisance signal regression; and ⑦ temporal filtering and linearly detrending.