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21 protocols using anti erα

1

Estrogen Receptor Signaling Pathways

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All the chemicals and drugs including 4-hydroxy-tamoxifen (Tam or 4OH-Tam;
Cat#H7904) and 17β-estradiol (E2; Cat#E2257) were purchased from
Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, MO, USA). CCN5 human recombinant protein (hrCCN5;
Cat#120–16) was purchased from PeproTech (Rocky Hill, NJ, USA).
Doxycycline (Dox) was purchased from Takara Bio (Mountain View, CA, USA, Cat #
631311). Antibodies for western blot analysis, immunofluorescence,
immunohistochemical staining were purchased from following vendors: Anti-ERα
(Cell Signaling, Danvers, MA, USA; Cat#13258 and Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA;
Cat#ab32063), anti-p-ER-α (Cell Signaling, Cat#9924), Anti-CCN5
(Abcam, Cat#ab38317), anti-Akt (Cell Signaling, Cat#4691), anti-p-Akt
(Cell Signaling, Cat # 9271), mouse Anti-FLAG/DDK (Origene, Rockville, MD,
USA, Cat#TAG0011), mouse anti-β-actin (Sigma, Cat#A3853),
anti-Integrins α6 (Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA, Cat#MAB1378) and
anti-Integrins β1 (Millipore, Cat#MAB1987Z). The authentication
certificates for all these chemicals, drugs and antibodies were provided by these
companies. The fresh working solutions of the chemicals and drugs were prepared
once a month to guarantee effectivity.
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2

Antibody Validation Protocol

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The antibodies used in this study were: anti-ATXN7L3 (Bethyl, Cat#A302-800A), anti-ERα (Cell Signaling Technology, Cat# 8644), anti-FLAG (Shanghai Genomics, Cat#GNI4110-FG), anti-SMAD7 (Sigma Aldrich, Cat#SAB4200346), anti-H3K4me3 (Sigma-Aldrich, Cat#05-745R), anti-Ub-H2B K120 (Cell Signaling Technology, Cat#5546), anti-SHP1 (ZEN BIO, Cat#501836), annti-phospho-SMAD2 (Ser465/Ser467) (Cell Signaling Technology, Cat#18338), anti-GAPDH (ABclonal, Cat#AC033).
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3

Tamoxifen Signaling Pathway Analysis

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Tamoxifen was purchased from Nacalai Tesque (Tokyo, Japan). Caffeine, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, pyrocatechol, and trigonelline were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). LY294002 and U0126 were purchased from Tocris Bioscience (Bristol, UK). Anti-ERα, anti-phospho-MEK1/2 (S217/221), anti-MEK1/2, anti-phospho-ERK1/2 (T202/Y204), anti-ERK1/2, anti-phospho-Akt (S473), anti-Akt, and anti-cleaved caspase-3 antibodies were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA). Anti-p53, anti-cyclin D1, and anti-β-actin antibodies were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). Peroxidase-conjugated rabbit anti-mouse, goat anti-rabbit, and swine anti-goat secondary antibodies were from Dako (Glostrup, Denmark).
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4

ChIP-qPCR Analysis of STAT1 and ER

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ChIP was performed after sonication using the ChIP-IT Express Kit (Active Motif, Carlsbad, CA, USA, Cat#53008) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Lysates were immunoprecipitated (IP) overnight (18 h) with the following antibodies: anti-STAT1 (Cell Signaling, Cat#9172S), anti-ERα (Cell Signaling, Cat#8644S) or an equal amount of rabbit IgG (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Cat#SC-2027). Resulting DNA was analyzed using qPCR and run on a DNA gel. Data are represented as a percentage of input DNA.
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5

Western Blot Analysis of NF-κB Signaling

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Cell lysates were prepared in a lysis buffer purchased from Roche. The lysates containing 40-60 μg proteins were analyzed with SDS-PAGE under a denaturing condition and the resulting gels were transferred to polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membranes (Millipore). The membranes were blocked with 5% non-fat milk for 45 minutes, and then incubated with a primary antibody followed by a secondary antibody. The signals were detected by an enhanced chemiluminescence system (ECL) following the manufacturer’s manual (Pierce). Antibodies used for western blot included anti-Phospho-NF-κB p65 (Ser536) (#3033), anti-NF-κB p65 (#8242), anti-Phospho-IκBα (Ser32) (#2895), anti-IκBα (#9242), anti-IKKα (#2682S), anti-IKKβ (#8943S), anti-ERα (#8644), all of which purchased from Cell Signaling Technology, anti-phospho-IKKβ (ab53694) from Abcam, and antiβ-actin (A2228) from Sigma-Aldrich.
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6

Evaluating Expression of Estrogen Receptors

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Cells were harvested and lysed in RIPA lysis buffer supplemented with protease inhibitor cocktail (Sigma) and phosphatase inhibitor cocktail (Sigma). The cell lysates were incubated on ice for 15 min and centrifuged at 12,000 g at 4°C for 15 min. Protein concentration was determined by Bradford protein assay kit (Bio-Rad Laboratories). Equivalent amount of protein was resolved by 10% SDS-PAGE and transferred to polyvinylidene difluoride membranes. The membranes were blocked with 5% BSA in TBST (10 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.0, 150 mM NaCl and 0.1% Tween 20) for 1 h, then incubated with primary antibodies overnight at 4°C. The primary antibodies against the following proteins were used: anti-ERα (Cell Signaling Technology.), anti-ERβ (Sant Cruz), anti-GPER (Sant Cruz) and anti-β-actin (Cell Signaling Technology). After three washes for 10 min each time in TBST, membranes were incubated with horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibodies for 1 h, and detected using Pierce ECL plus detection kit (Thermo Scientific).
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7

Immunofluorescence Imaging of ERα in MCF7 Cells

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MCF7 cells were seeded onto coverslips in 6-well plates and cultured for an additional 24 h. Cells were treated with either DMSO or 10 μM RU-SKI 43 for 4 h. Cells were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde for 20 min and permeabilized with 0.2% Triton X-100 for 5 min at room temperature. Cells were incubated with anti-ERα (Cell Signaling) for 1 h followed with incubation with a secondary antibody (Alexa Flour® 488-conjugated anti-mouse IgG) for 45 min. Slides were mounted with ProLong® Gold Antifade (Invitrogen). Images were collected using a Leica SP5 confocal microscope and analyzed with the Leica Application Suite software. Images were collected using the same conditions on the same day ensuring fair side-by-side comparison.
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8

Antibody Profiling for Protein Kinase Pathways

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The following antibodies were used at the indicated dilutions: anti-PKD1 (sc-935; 1/500) and anti-α-actinin (1/5000) were from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA), anti-phospho-PKD1 (1/1000), anti-cleaved PARP (1/1000), anti-ERα (1/2000), anti-phospho-S118-ERα (1/2000) and anti-phospho-S167-ERα (1/2000) were from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA). Horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibodies used were goat anti-rabbit IgG (1/2000; Dako, Glostrup, Denmark) and goat anti-mouse IgG (1/5000; Rockland, Gilbertsville, PA, USA). PKD1-targeting (sc-36245) and control non-targeting (sc-37007) siRNAs were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology. 17β-estradiol, ICI 182,780, MTT and all other biochemicals were from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).
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9

Antibody-based Signaling Pathway Analysis

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Anti-PKD1 (1/1,000), anti-phospho-S910-PKD1 (1/1,000), anti-phospho-S738/742-PKD1 (1/1,000), and anti-ERα (1/2,000) were purchased from Cell Signaling (Danvers, MA); anti-actin (1/1,000) and anti-GAPDH (1/2,000) from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA). The horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibodies used were goat anti-rabbit IgG (1/2,000; Dako, Glostrup, Denmark) and goat anti-mouse IgG (1/5,000; Rockland, Gilbertsville, PA). PRKD1-targeting (#5587) and control siRNAs were purchased from GE Healthcare-Dharmacon (Velizy-Villacoublay, France), Gö6976 and Gö6983 from Calbiochem (Darmstadt, Germany), MTT from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO) and BPA (purity 97%+) from Alfa Aesar (Haverhill, MA).
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10

Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Protocol

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Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays were performed using a Pierce™ Magnetic ChIP Kit (Thermo Scientific™). Immunoprecipitation was performed with anti-ER-α, anti-ERBB2, and anti-PR antibodies (Cell Signaling Technology). Specific regions were quantified via qRT-PCR using the primers listed in Table S13.
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