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2 protocols using ceroticacid

1

Partially Deuterated Ceramide Synthesis

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CER EOS (C30) as well as shorter CERs, including
CER NS (C24), N-(tetracosanoyl)-phytosphingosine
(CER NP (C24 and C16)), N-(2R-hydroxy-tetracosanoyl)-sphingosine
(CER AS (C24)), and N-(2R-hydroxy-tetracosanoyl)-phytosphingosine
(CER AP (C24)), was all kindly donated by Evonik, Essen, Germany.
Palmitic acid (C16), stearic acid (C18), arachidic acid (C20), behenic
acid (C22), tricosylic acid (C23), lignoceric acid (C24), cerotic
acid (C26), and CHOL were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemie GmbH,
Schnelldorf, Germany. The structures of both partially deuterated
CER NS (C24), which are substituted into the models, are shown in Figure 1. These included:
when hydrogens on the terminal three carbons of the sphingosine chain
were replaced with deuterium (CER NS-d7, purchased from Avanti Polar
Lipids, Alabama) and when the hydrogen atoms along the entire acyl
chain were also replaced (CER NS-d47, kindly provided by Evonik, Essen,
Germany). All solvents used were of analytical grade and supplied
by Labscan, Dublin, Ireland. The water was of Millipore quality produced
by a Milli-Q water filtration system with a resistivity of 18 MΩ
cm at 25 °C. Nucleopore polycarbonate filters, with 0.05 μm
pore size, were purchased from Whatman, Kent, U.K.
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2

Lipid Composition Analysis Protocol

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Nitrogen (99.95% purity) and helium (99.999% purity) were from Westfalen Company (Münster, Germany). Ethanol (technical grade, distilled prior to use) was from BASF (Ludwigshafen, Germany), n-hexane (HPLC grade) was from Th. Geyer (Renningen, Germany), whereas potassium hydroxide (> 85%) and sodium sulfate (> 99%) were from Carl Roth (Karlsruhe, Germany). Stearic acid (18:0; 99%), lignoceric acid (24:0; > 99%), cerotic acid (26:0; ≥ 90%), and pyridine were from Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany). Pyrrolidine (> 98%), heneicosanoic acid (21:0, ≥ 98%), tricosanoic acid (23:0, ≥ 95%), and pentacosanoic acid (25:0, ≥ 95%) were from TCI (Zwijndrecht, Belgium). Nonadecanoic acid (19:0, ≥ 99%), arachidic acid (20:0, ≥ 99%), and behenic acid (22:0, ≥ 97%) were from Fluka (Buchs, Switzerland). A semipure β-sitosterol standard (total sterols, 95%; unsaturated sterols calculated as β-sitosterol, 85%) was from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). 5α-Cholestane (98%) was from Acros Organics (Geel, Belgium), and the silylating agent consisting of N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)-trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA) and trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS), 99:1, v/v (SILYL-991), was from Macherey–Nagel (Düren, Germany).
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