Spss pc software

The data were extracted from the ODK to SPSS PC + software for data cleaning and analysis. The descriptive results are presented as absolute numbers, percentage, mean and standard deviation, and range where appropriate. Further analysis to determine a statistically significant difference between States in the number of clients utilizing each service before the pandemic, during and after the lockdown was conducted. The distribution for each service was not normal and the Levene test of homogeneity of variances was also violated for each service. Thus, the non-parametric alternative of one-way between-groups analysis of variance (Kruskal–Wallis test) was used to determine whether there was a significant difference by State. The alpha was set at 0.05.

The statistical analyses were performed with the SPSS/PC software (Version 22.0 for Windows; SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL). Constant variables in the data set were expressed as mean ± standard deviation, and categorical variables were expressed as frequency and percentage. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to examine the normality of the distribution of the data. Two samples' Student's t-test was used to compare mean values of normally distributed quantitative variables as the two samples were obtained independently. Mann–Whitney U test was used if the variables were not normally distributed. Qualitative variables were analyzed with chi-squared test and Fisher's exact test. p < 0.05 was considered significant in all analyses.

Statistical analysis of the data compiled in Excel databank was conducted using SPSS/PC software (Version 19.0 for Windows; SPSS Inc., China). Categorical and continuous variables were expressed as number (%) or mean (M) ± SD, respectively. No outliers in values of cytokines by inspection of related boxplots. For comparisons of demographic information and clinical characteristics at baseline between groups, Fisher’s exact Chi-square test or student t test were conducted. Relationships between bacterial metabolites and cytokines or MOAS were determined by partial correlation analysis controlling for gender, age, BMI, episodes with ScZ, course with ScZ, and PANSS. All the tests were two-sided. A P < 0.05 was accepted as the cutoff for statistical significance, and a false discovery rate (FDR) was considered for the correction of the P value when determining differences in alpha diversity and compositions of fecal microbiota between groups.

Independent-samples t-test was used for the comparison of the means between the groups. The association among the qualitative variables was determined using Chi-square test. The level of significance was set at 0.05. The analyses were performed using SPSS/PC software (Version 22; SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).