Statistix

The Shapiro–Wilk test was used to assess the normality of the data. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to determine statistically significant differences among the dietary treatment groups. The distribution of the sample variables was considered normal (p > 0.05) and was evaluated using a one-way ANOVA. Statistical significance among groups (p < 0.05) was compared using post hoc LSD analysis and non-normal distribution (p < 0.05). All data were analyzed using Statistix (Analytical Software, v10.0 Tallahassee, FL 32312, USA) statistical software.

Principal components analysis (PCA) was used to investigate the variability between and within the different groups of samples evaluated and the relationship among traits, and analysis of variance and box and whiskers plots were performed for the most important variables selected from PCA to analyze differences between groups. Pearson correlation and linear regression were used to test the relations among the traits measured. Unscrambler (CAMO A/S, Trondheim, Norway) and Statistix (Analytical Software, Tallahassee, FL, United States) software were used for the statistical analysis.

All values are reported as mean ± SE. Statistical analysis was performed by two-way ANOVA for repeated measures with time and treatment (drink type) as within-subject factors using statistical software (Statistix version 8.0, Analytical Software, Tallahassee, FL 32317, USA). Where significant differences were found, the effects of each drink over time were analyzed by comparing values at each time-point over the post-drink period with the basal values recorded during the 20 min immediately before drinking using one-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s multiple comparison test or the Friedman test with Dunn’s post hoc testing. Variables were tested for normality using the D’Agostino & Pearson omnibus normality test. A paired ttest or Wilcoxon matched pairs test was used to compare the post-drink effect between the drinks. A Friedman test with Dunn’s multiple comparison post hoc analysis was used to compare vasodilatory responses before and after drug administration (all performed with GraphPad Prism, Version 5, San Diego, CA, USA). All reported p values are two-sided. For all tests, significance was set at p ≤ 0.05.

Each treatment was replicated three times and results of the data are presented as mean value ± SD. Recorded data were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) using “Statistix” (Analytical Software, version 8.0, USA) and treatment means were compared using Fisher’s Protected LSD test at p = 0.05 [46 ].

All values are reported as mean ± SEM unless otherwise specified. Statistical analysis was performed using statistical programs: (i) Statistix version 8.0, Analytical Software, St. Paul, MN, United States and (ii) GraphPad Prism, version 7, GraphPad software, Inc., La Jolla, CA, United States. Testing for normal distribution was performed using D’Agostino and Pearson Omnibus normality test. Statistical analysis was performed by two-way ANOVA for repeated measures with time and temperature (cold and hot) as within-subject factors. When significant differences were found, the effects of each drink temperature over time were analyzed by comparing values at each time point over the post-drink period with the basal values recorded before drinking. Dunnett’s multiple comparison post hoc testing was used to test for changes over time from baseline levels. Difference in BrAC data between drink conditions was tested by using Student’s paired t-test. Sex differences in BrAC for each drink condition were assessed by Student’s unpaired t-test. For all tests, significance was set at p < 0.05 (two-tailed). Pearson and Spearman correlation analysis were used to determine the association between mean BrAC_[20-120]min and body composition measurements.