Pella, INC., Redding, CA) of 15 GBM specimens were sectioned using a Microm
HM525 NX Cryostat (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., Grand Island, NY); one of
many serial consecutive sections per case was stained with hematoxylin and
eosin to confirm the localizations of tumor cells in different regions.
Tumor cells in different regions were subsequently isolated by laser-capture
microdissection using a Zeiss PALM (Carl Zeiss, Inc., Thornwood, NY). For
each case, 3 regions of tumor cells were separately collected for RNA
extraction. Total RNA was isolated from the cells using TRIzol RNA Isolation
Reagent according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The
concentrations and quality of the recovered RNA were measured using a
NanoDrop 2000 spectrophotometer (Nanodrop Technologies, Wilmington, DE). For
quantitative analysis of mRNA expressions of FOXM1-AS and FOXM1 by qPCR,
mRNA levels were normalized to GAPDH mRNA.