D ribitol

Ultrapure high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-grade reagents were used in this study. Acetonitrile and methanol were obtained from Sisco Research Laboratories (India). Internal standard D-ribitol and pyridine (PX 2020) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, United States). Methoxylamine hydrochloride (89803) was purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Alkane standard mixture (67444) was obtained from Supelco (Bellefonte, PA, United States ). N-methyl-N (trimethylsilyl) trifluoroamide (MSTFA) + 1% chlorotrimethylsilane (TMCS) (TS-48915) was procured from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, United States).

All the chemicals used for this study were of analytical grade. Internal standard and reagents for GC-MS, D-ribitol, N-methyl-N (trimethylsilyl) trifluoroamide (MSTFA), pyridine, and all other metabolite standards, were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Methoxyamine hydrochloride was obtained from Fluka (Steinheim, Switzerland), anhydrous sodium sulphate from BDH chemicals (Poole, UK), and acetone from Biolab (Scoresby, Australia). Methanol, sodium hydroxide and sodium bicarbonate were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). All the chemical solutions were prepared using Grade 1 water (Barnstead ^® NANOpure Diamond™ Water Purification System, Waltham, MA, USA) or absolute ethanol (Univar, Ajax Finechem, Auckland, New Zealand).

Analytical-grade Na₂CO₃, KOH, acetic anhydride, NaBH₄, and tris-(hydroxymethyl) methyl aminomethane were purchased from Fengchuan Chemical Co. Ltd. (Tianjin, China). Analytical-grade ethanol acetic anhydride, CH₂Cl₂, and acetone were purchased from Beijing Chemical Works (Beijing, China). TFA, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and 1-methylimidazole were obtained from Sangon Biotech Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). The 17 standard compounds of monosaccharides and alditols (d-glucose, d-galactose, d-mannose, d-fructose, d-xylose, d-arabinose, l-fucose, l-rhamnose, l-inositol, d-ribitol, sorbitol, galactitol, mannitol, xylitol, arabinitol, fucitol, and rhamnitol), were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich China (Shanghai, China). Pectinase (>500 µ/mg) from Aspergillus was purchased from Sangon (Shanghai, China). Type-I porcine a-amylase (250 µ/mg) was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich China.