Pw1410

Magnetite is an iron oxide
mineral that is used as the adsorbent in this work, with XRF results
represented in Table 1. Two sizes of magnetite adsorbents were utilized for the adsorption
tests. Their specific surface areas (BET method) and specifications
are reported in Table 2. As reported in Table 2, the pores of both magnetite adsorbents are in the range of 2–50
nm and can be categorized into mesopore classes.^{46 (link)} It is better to mention that PW1410 (PHILIPS, Netherland)
and BELSORP mini II (Microtrac Bel Corp, Japan) were used to conduct
XRF and BET analyses, respectively. FTIR of magnetite adsorbents was
also recorded using TENSOR 27 (Brucker, Germany). Figure 3 shows the FTIR spectrum of
the magnetite adsorbent. Fe–O stretching vibration is observed
at a wavelength of 560 cm^–1, which is the approximate
characteristic peak of iron oxide.^{47 (link)} Also,
peaks of 1629, 3396, and 3462 cm^–1, which are attributed
to the presence of hydroxyl functional groups on magnetite particles,
can be seen in the figure. Due to the presence of hydroxyl groups
on the surface of iron oxides, it can be stated that the structure
of adsorbent particles is hydrophilic.^{48 (link)}In this study,
3-phase adsorption tests were conducted utilizing
Persian Gulf water having a pH of 7.9. Ions of this water include
Cl^–, SO₄^2–, HCO₃^2–, K⁺, Na⁺, Ca²⁺, and Mg²⁺ with total dissolved solids of about
41 g/L.^{49 (link)}