Isovaleryl chloride

Lavandulyl acetate (LA), lavandulyl methylbutanoate (LMB), and neryl methylbutanoate (NMB) were synthesized (AD, Inc., Andong, Korea) (S1 Fig). Briefly, LA and LMB were synthesized from the precursor, lavandulol (≥ 90%, Sigma-Aldrich Korea, Seoul, Korea) in dichloromethane, which was reacted with acetyl chloride to yield LA, and reacted with isovaleryl chloride (≥ 98%, Sigma-Aldrich Korea, Seoul, Korea) to yield LMB, respectively, under the catalytic activity of trimethylamine. NMB was used in a reaction with geraniol (> 98%, Sigma-Aldrich Korea) and isovaleryl chloride under the catalytic activity of trimethylamine. All products were extracted with ethyl acetate and produced 70 ~ 75% yields. The purity of the compounds was analyzed by gas chromatography (8860 GC, Agilent, Santa Clara, CA, USA) with a DB-1 column (15 m × 0.350 mm, Agilent), an oven temperature of 280°C, and a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, and was determined to be 98.1% for LA, 98.1% for LMB, and 99.3% for NMB. All synthesized products were in the form of a racemic mixture. Two alarm pheromone components (decyl acetate and dodecyl acetate, 98%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Korea and dissolved in hexane to prepare different concentrations.