Structures of small molecules and polymers were confirmed by 300 and 500 MHz Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) proton spectra via a Varian NMRS instrument (Palo Alto, CA, USA). Deuterated chloroform was used as a solvent. Chemical shifts, δ (ppm), were referenced to the residual proton signal.
The molecular weight and polydispersity index for each custom polymer was measured via gel permeation chromatography (GPC). GPC analysis in tetrahydrofuran (THF) was performed on a Waters 150-C Plus instrument (Milford, MA, USA) equipped with refractive index and light scattering detector. Polystyrene was used as a standard. GPC analysis in DMF was performed on an HLC-8320 instrument (King of Prussia, PA, USA) equipped with refractive index and UV detectors using polystyrene as a standard. The flow rate of the eluent was 1 mL/min for both GPC instruments.
The polymer’s decomposition temperature was measured by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) with a TA Q500 thermal gravimetric analysis instrument (TA Instruments, New Castle, DE, USA). Each polymer was heated in N2 from room temperature to 600 °C with a heating rate of 10 °C /min. Alternatively, the glass transition temperature was tested by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) using TA Q2000 differential scanning calorimeter (TA Instruments, New Castle, DE, USA) with heating and cooling rates set at 10 °C/min.
The molecular weight and polydispersity index for each custom polymer was measured via gel permeation chromatography (GPC). GPC analysis in tetrahydrofuran (THF) was performed on a Waters 150-C Plus instrument (Milford, MA, USA) equipped with refractive index and light scattering detector. Polystyrene was used as a standard. GPC analysis in DMF was performed on an HLC-8320 instrument (King of Prussia, PA, USA) equipped with refractive index and UV detectors using polystyrene as a standard. The flow rate of the eluent was 1 mL/min for both GPC instruments.
The polymer’s decomposition temperature was measured by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) with a TA Q500 thermal gravimetric analysis instrument (TA Instruments, New Castle, DE, USA). Each polymer was heated in N2 from room temperature to 600 °C with a heating rate of 10 °C /min. Alternatively, the glass transition temperature was tested by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) using TA Q2000 differential scanning calorimeter (TA Instruments, New Castle, DE, USA) with heating and cooling rates set at 10 °C/min.