For optical interrogation system, broadband light source (BBS: Agilent HP83437A, Agilent Technologies Inc.) was used along with an optical spectrum analyzer (OSA, Agilent HP86142A, Agilent Technologies Inc.). The OSA was connected to a computer and the optical spectra were recorded by a customized program. Data analysis was performed using the customized program which automatically defined resonance wavelength using the centroid calculation method.
All biochemical procedures were performed in a fume cupboard. To minimize the cross-sensitivities of temperature and bend, all experiments were conducted at a controlled room temperature of 22.0 ± 0.1 °C unless specified otherwise, and the fiber device was placed straightly in a custom-made microchannel container and all the chemicals and solvents were added and withdrawn by careful pipetting.