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8 protocols using zr 96 dna sequencing clean up kit

1

Amplicon Purification and Sanger Sequencing

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Column purification of amplicons was performed with QIAquick PCR purification kits (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany). BigDye terminator cycle sequencing ready reaction kit version 3.1 (Applied Biosystems, Carlsbad CA, USA) was used for Sanger sequencing utilising four primers; HIV+4141 (5' TCT ACC TGG CAT GGG TAC CA 3' nucleotide positions relative to HXB2 4141–4160), INFORI (5' GGA ATC ATT CAA GCA CAA CCA GA 3' nucleotide positions relative to HXB2 4059–4081), INREVII (5' CCT AGT GGG ATG TGT ACT TCT GA 3' nucleotide positions relative to HXB2 5197–5219 and IN4764AS (5' CCATTTGTACTGCTGTCTTAA 3’ nucleotide positions relative to HXB2 4764–4744).
The cycle sequencing reaction mix contained 3.8 μL of dH20, 3 μL of Big Dye 5X sequencing buffer, 1 μL Big Dye terminator, 0.2 μL of 10 μM of each sequencing primer and 2 μL of the purified DNA template to make a total reaction volume of 10 μL. Cycle sequencing parameters were the same as for those used for the VS-Int assay.
Purification of cycle sequencing products was done using ZR-96 DNA sequencing clean-up kit (Zymo research, Irvine, CA, USA) according to manufactures instructions.
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2

PCR Product Visualization and Sequencing

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PCR products were visualized in 1.4% agarose gel(CSL-AG500, Cleaver Scientific Ltd., Rugby, UK) stained with EZ-vision®Bluelight DNA Dye (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Irvine, CA, USA). A100bp DNA ladder was used asa standard marker. PCR products were then purified using Qiagen PCR Purification Kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) according to manufacturer’s protocol. Fragments were sequenced at Inqaba South Africa using the same forward and reverse primers as used to generate the PCR products. The labeled products were then cleaned with the ZR-96 DNA Sequencing Clean-up Kit (Zymoresearch, Irvine, CA, USA) (http://www.zymoresearch (accessed on 18 November 2019)). The cleaned products were injected on the Applied Biosystems ABI 3500XL Genetic Analyzer with a 50cm array using POP7 (Applied Biosystem, Foster city, CA, USA) (https://www.thermofisher.com (accessed on 18 November 2019)). Sequence chromatogram analysis was performed using Finch TV analysis software (Applied Biosystem, Foster city, CA, USA) (https://www.softpedia.com/get/Science-CAD/FinchTV.shtml (accessed on 18 November 2019)).
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3

Bacterial 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing

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The 16S rRNA genes of the bacterial isolates with ligninolytic activities were analyzed. The 16S rDNA was amplified, and sequence analyzed through BLAST (NCBI). The bacteria genomic DNA was extracted from the colonies using Quick-DNA™ Fugal/Bacterial Miniprep Kit (Zymo Research, USA). The targeted region of 16S rDNA was tagged with OneTaq ® Quick-Load® 2X Master Mix (New England Biolabs® Inc., USA) along with 16S–1492R (5’-CGGTTACCTTGTTAC-GACTT-3’) and 16S-27F (5’-AGAGTTTGATCMTG-GCTCAG-3’) primers, respectively. The products were then run through a gel and extracted with Zymoclean™ Gel DNA Recovery Kit (Zymo Research, USA). The DNA fragments extracted were further sequenced with Nimagen (The Netherlands), BrilliantDye™ Terminator v3.1 Cycle Sequencing Kit (BRD3-1000) and purified with Zymo Research (USA), ZR-96 DNA Sequencing Clean-up Kit™. The pure fragments were analyzed using the ABI 3500xL Genetic Analyzer (Applied Biosystems™, ThermoFisher Scientific Inc., USA). The file generated by the ABI analyzer was further analyzed with GLC Bio Main Workbench v7.6 with the aid of BLAST search (NCBI). The phylogenetic tree was constructed by neighbor joining methods, and 99% similarity with existing isolates in the database was considered (Xiong et al. 2020 (link)).
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4

Trypanozoon sp. Sequencing Protocol

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PCR products from the Trypanozoon sp.-positive sample, all the T. congolense-positive samples and 20 randomly selected T. vivax samples were sequenced in both directions by a commercial company. According to the protocol provided, PCR products were cleaned up with an ExoSAP-IT™ PCR Product Cleanup kit (Applied Biosystems™, Thermo Fisher Scientific) and sequenced using the BrilliantDye™ Terminator Cycle Sequencing Kit V3.1 (NimaGen B.V., Nijmegen, The Netherlands), following the manufacturers’ instructions. The labeled products were cleaned with the ZR-96 DNA Sequencing Clean-up Kit (Zymo Research, Irvine, CA, USA) and injected on to the Applied Biosystems ABI 3500XL Genetic Analyzer with a 50-cm array, using POP-7™ Polymer for 3500/3500xL Genetic Analyzers (Applied Biosystems™).
Sequence chromatogram analysis, manual clean-up, assembly and generation of census sequences were performed using the Bio Edit Sequence Alignment Editor version 7.2.5 [20 ]. The basic local alignment search tool (BLAST) [21 ] was used to identify homologous sequences in GenBank to those obtained in this study.
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5

Bacterial Endophyte 16S rRNA Profiling

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DNA extraction was done using a ZR Fungal/Bacterial Kit™ (Zymo Research, catalog no. R2014) according to the manufacturer's instructions. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was done to amplify the 16S rRNA gene of each bacterial endophyte with the primers 16S‐27F: 5′‐AGAGTTTGATCMTGGCTCAG‐3′ and 16S‐1492R: 5′‐CGGTTACCTTGTTACGACTT‐3′, using DreamTaq™ DNA polymerase (Thermo Scientific™). PCR products were gel extracted (Zymo Research, Zymoclean™ Gel DNA Recovery Kit), and sequenced in the forward and reverse directions on the ABI PRISM™ 3500xl Genetic Analyser. The sequencing was performed at Inqaba Biotechnical Industries (Pty) Ltd. The PCR products were cleaned with ExoSAP‐it™ following the manufacturer's recommendations. Purified sequencing products (Zymo Research, ZR‐96 DNA Sequencing Clean‐up Kit™) were analyzed using CLC Main Workbench 7, followed by a BLAST search (NCBI) (Kuklinsky‐Sobral, Arajo, Mendes, Pizzirani‐Kleiner, & Azevedo, 2005).
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6

Cyanobacteria Identification via 16S rRNA

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16S rRNA identification was performed for the characterisation of the isolated cyanobacteria with some modifications. Genomic DNA was extracted from the cultures received using the Quick-DNA™ Fungal/Bacterial Miniprep Kit (Zymo Research, Irvine, CA, USA, Catalogue No. D6005). The 16S target region was amplified using OneTaq® Quick-Load® 2X Master Mix (New England Biolabs (Ipswich, MA, USA), Catalogue No. M0486) with the cyano-primers CYA359F (5′GGGGAATCTTCCGCAATGGG-3′), CYA781R (a&b), CYA781Ra (5′-GACTACT GGGGTATCTAATCCCATT-3′), and CYA781Rb (5′-GACTACAGGGGTATCTAATCCCTTT-3′). The PCR products were run on a gel and gel-extracted with a Zymoclean™ Gel DNA Recovery Kit (Zymo Research, Catalogue No. D4001). The extracted fragments were sequenced in the forward and reverse direction (Nimagen, (Nijmegen, The Netherlands) BrilliantDye™ Terminator Cycle Sequencing Kit V3.1, BRD 3-100/1000) and purified (Zymo Research, ZR-96 DNA Sequencing Clean-up Kit™, Catalogue No. D4050). The purified fragments were analysed on an ABI 3500 XL Genetic Analyzer (Applied Biosystems, ThermoFisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). A CLC Bio Main Workbench v 7.6 (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) was used to analyse the .ab1 files generated by the ABI 3500 XL/ABI 3730 XL Genetic Analyzer, and results were obtained by a BLAST search (NCBI) [22 (link)].
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7

Sanger Sequencing of GLA Gene

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In terms of genotype analysis, GLA gene sequence analysis was performed. The seven exons of the GLA gene were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with specific primers and sequenced by the Sanger method on a genetic analyzer (Applied Biosystems Inc. CA, USA). Results were analyzed using the software SeqScape 2.5.0 (Applied Biosystems Inc. CA, USA). DNA was extracted with an QIAamp DNA Blood Mini Kit (Qiagen Inc.). A total of 7 pairs of PCR primers were designed to amplify the 7 exons encoding the GLA gene (29 (link)). The PCR amplifications were carried out using Taq DNA polymerase (PhireII HS, Thermo Inc.) and a PCR protocol was set, having an initial hold of 1 minute at 95°C, 45 cycles (of 10 seconds at 95°C, 10 seconds at 60°C and 20 seconds at 72°C), and a final extension of 1 minute at 72°C. After the thermal cycle protocol for PCR, the product was checked using 2% agarose gel electrophoresis. PCR products were purified using the ZR-96 DNA Sequencing Clean-up Kit (Zymo Research Corp.) and the purified products were sequenced bidirectionally on a ABI 3130 capillary gel electrophoresis system (Applied Biosystems Inc. CA, USA) according to the manufacturer’s protocol. The exons of the gene and the exon-intron connections were analyzed by the SeqScape 2.5.0 (Applied Biosystems Inc. CA, USA) software and the sequence variations were determined.
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8

16S rRNA-based Bacterial Identification

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Axenic bacterial cultures which had emerged best laccase producers had their genomic DNA extracted using the ZR Fungal/Bacterial DNA kit (Zymo Research). Their 16S target region was amplified using Dream Taq DNA polymerase (Thermo Scientific) and the universal primers, 27F: 5′-AGAGTTTGATCMTGGCTCAG-3′ and 1429R: 5′-CGGTTACCTTGTTACGATT-3′. Amplicons obtained from PCR run were gel extracted (Zymo Research, Zymoclean Gel DNA Rocover Kit), and sequenced in the forward and reverse directions on the ABI PRISM 3500xl Genetic Analyzer. Purified sequencing products (Zymo Research, ZR-96 DNA sequencing clean-up kit) were analyzed using CLC Main Workbench 7 followed by a BLAST search (NCBI database) for most probable strain identification. Thereafter, sequences were submitted to Genbank for accession numbers, while the Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis software (MEGA 7) was used to elucidate the phylogenetic relationships between isolates per aquatic milieu, with reference to isolates in the NCBI library.
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