The conducting polymer PEDOT/PSS was modified on the gold surface of the PI-MNA electrode by a galvanostatic electrodeposition approach in a two-electrode system. Monomer EDOT (0.01 M; Sigma-Aldrich) and PSS (2.5 wt%; Sigma-Aldrich) were dissolved in deionized water and thoroughly mixed. An electrochemical workstation (CHI 660E, CH Instruments, Inc.) was employed to apply a small but steady deposition current. The PI-MNA electrode was connected to the working electrode of the electrochemical workstation through an electrode clamp, and a gauze Pt electrode was connected to counter and reference electrode. After both electrodes were completely immersed in the EDOT and PSS solution, the deposition current was applied, and PSS-doped PEDOT was polymerized on the surface of the working electrode. It was considered that an excessive deposition current would induce a polymerization speed that is too fast, thus forming a rough, fluffy PEDOT/PSS film that easily cracks or chips on the gold surface. A step-up current was used to enhance the adhesion of PEDOT/PSS. Deposition currents of 20, 40, 60, and 80 μA were each applied for 150 s, followed by 100 μA for 600 s. The thickness of the deposited PEDOT/PSS film was approximately 1 μm.
Edot monomer
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany
EDOT monomer is a chemical compound that is commonly used in the development and manufacture of various types of electrochemical devices and materials. It serves as a key component in the production of polymers and conductive coatings. The core function of EDOT monomer is to provide the necessary building blocks for the creation of these materials, which are widely used in a range of industrial and technological applications.
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5 protocols using edot monomer
1
Electrodeposition of PEDOT/PSS on PI-MNA
2
Electrochemical PEDOT Synthesis Procedure
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Lithium perchlorate trihydrate (LiClO4) used as an electrolyte for PEDOT synthesis was the product of Merck KGaA at Darmstadt, Germany. Monomer EDOT was bought from Sigma-Aldrich Corp. at St. Louis, MO, USA, A piece of 2B pencil lead in 0.5 mm diameter was available from a convenient stationery office. All other chemical reagents from different sources were of analytical grade.
3
Fabrication of Au/PEDOT:PSS Bilayer Nanomesh
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Polystyrene nanospheres (carboxyl latex bead, 4% w/v, 1.0 μm) and polyethylene oxide (PEO) were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific. EDOT monomer and NaPSS powder were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. All materials were used as received. SEM (Supra 25 SEM) was used to characterize the structure of Au or Au/PEDOT:PSS bilayer nanomesh. Gamry Reference 600+ potentiostat/galvanostat/ZRA was used for electrodeposition and EIS. Intan stimulation/recording system (Intan Technologies) was used for impedance measurement at 1 kHz, bench signal recording, and charge injection limit characterization. A dual light-emitting diode (LED) LEDC2 (Doric Lenses Inc.) was used for light-induced artifact characterization.
4
PEDOT Functionalization of Electrospun Membranes
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The PEDOT functionalisation of the membranes through exposure to EDOT vapours was adapted from the literature [38 (link)]. The electrospinning membranes were immersed in an aqueous solution of 40 g/L of an oxidising agent, hexahydrated iron (III) chloride (FeCl3·6H2O, purity = 99%, Chem-Lab NV, Zedelgem, Belgium) for 20 min under 100 rpm stirring. The membranes impregnated with the oxidising agent were carefully removed from the solution and left to dry at room temperature. Once dried, they were fixed inside a closed chamber with 0.5 mL of EDOT monomer (Sigma-Aldrich, Stainheim, Germany, 97%) at the bottom of the container. The closed chamber was introduced in an oven (Memmert, Schwabach, Germany) at 90 °C for 120 min to initiate EDOT polymerisation, as illustrated in Figure 1 c. After this polymerisation process, the coated membranes were removed from the chamber and washed with ultrapure water (Elix® purification system, Merck Millipore, Darmstadt, Germany) and abundant ethanol 99.5% (Honeywell Riedel-de Haën, Seelze, Germany) to remove un-reacted residues and by-products.
5
Fabrication of PEDOT:PSS Conductive Substrates
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Materials: Clevios CPP105D and Clevios PH1000 were purchased from Hearaeus. Ethylene glycol, dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid (DBSA), 3-glycidoxypropyl trimethoxysilane (GOPS), EDOT monomer, PSS and phosphate buffer saline solution (PBS) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.
Fabrication of the PEDOT:PSS substrates: Two different formulations of PEDOT:PSS were used, Clevios CPP105D and Clevios PH1000. The former is a low conductive formulation, which is optimized to be deposited on hydrophobic substrates, while the latter is optimized to be highly conductive and was mixed with ethylene glycol (20 v/v %) and DBSA (0.05 v/v %) in order to improve its electrical conductivity and the ease of the spin coating deposition. A crosslinking agent, GOPS 1 v/v %, was added to both CPP105D and PH1000 in order to improve their resistance to delamination when exposed to water. These two suspensions were treated in ultrasonic bath for 10 minutes and filtered using 1.2 µm cellulose acetate filters (Sartorius), then spin coated over clean glass slides at 1000 rpm for 10 s. The samples were subsequently dried at 140 °C for 30 minutes to remove water and other solvents.
Fabrication of the PEDOT:PSS substrates: Two different formulations of PEDOT:PSS were used, Clevios CPP105D and Clevios PH1000. The former is a low conductive formulation, which is optimized to be deposited on hydrophobic substrates, while the latter is optimized to be highly conductive and was mixed with ethylene glycol (20 v/v %) and DBSA (0.05 v/v %) in order to improve its electrical conductivity and the ease of the spin coating deposition. A crosslinking agent, GOPS 1 v/v %, was added to both CPP105D and PH1000 in order to improve their resistance to delamination when exposed to water. These two suspensions were treated in ultrasonic bath for 10 minutes and filtered using 1.2 µm cellulose acetate filters (Sartorius), then spin coated over clean glass slides at 1000 rpm for 10 s. The samples were subsequently dried at 140 °C for 30 minutes to remove water and other solvents.
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