Inosine

Chemicals and reagents used in this study were of analytical grade or higher. Ammonia solution, glacial acetic acid, and HPLC grade acetonitrile were purchased from Merck, Darmstadt, Germany. Sodium dihydrogen orthophosphate and sodium hydroxide were obtained from Ajax Finechem Pty Ltd., Auckland, New Zealand. Cyclodextrins, cordycepin, 2′-deoxyguanosine, uridine, and 2′-deoxyadenosine were commercially available from Wako Pure Chemical Industry, Ltd., Osaka Japan. Sodium pyrophosphate decahydrate, adenosine 5′-triphosphate disodium salt (ATP), adenosine 3′-monophosphate (AMP), adenosine 5′-diphosphate disodium (ADP), adenosine, and cucurbit[n]urils were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich Co. St. Louis, MO, USA. Cytidine, 2′-deoxyuridine, inosine, thymidine, and 2′-deoxyinosine were purchased from FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corporation, Japan. Guanosine was obtained from Alfa Aesar, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Heysham, UK. Acridine orange (AO) and berberine (BE) was purchased from Invitrogen Company, Eugene, Oregon, OR USA. Deionized water was prepared using a Millipore Milli Q-Plus system (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA). Deuterium oxide (D₂O) was purchased from Cambridge Isotope Laboratories, Inc., Tewksbury, MA, USA.

B. breve MCC1274 was cultured in YC medium supplemented with 200 μM each of adenosine, inosine, hypoxanthine, and xanthine (FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical) for 24 h under anaerobic conditions. Then, the culture medium was centrifuged (10,000 × g, 5 min, 4°C), and the supernatant was stored at −20°C until analysis.