Powerlab 8sp

Manufactured by ADInstruments

Sourced in Australia, United States, New Zealand, Japan, United Kingdom

The PowerLab/8SP is a high-performance data acquisition system designed for laboratory research and experimentation. It features eight independent differential input channels, enabling the simultaneous recording of multiple signals. The PowerLab/8SP is capable of sampling at high rates, making it suitable for a wide range of applications that require precise data capture and analysis.

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PowerLab (853 citations) Powerlab/8sp system (10 citations) PowerLab 8sp Life Analysis System (3 citations) PowerLab/8SP Chart 7 software (3 citations)

85 protocols using powerlab 8sp

Quadriceps Muscle Activation Assessment

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Participants sat on a custom-made leg extension chair used previously [9 (link)], with hips flexed at approximately 70° (0°: trunk and femur aligned) and 90° of knee flexion. The leg was strapped to a force transducer (TSA-110, Takei Scientific Instruments Co., Ltd., Niigata City, Japan), with the hips and chest belted to the seat. The force transducer was linked to an analog interface (PowerLab/8sp, ADInstruments Pty, Ltd., Castle Hill, Australia), and data were collected via software (LabChart 6, ADInstruments NZ Limited, Dunedin, New Zealand) at a sampling rate of 1 kHz.
Two electrode pads were strapped to the quadriceps: 20 cm × 10 cm on the proximal part (middle of the upper third of the thigh) and 20 cm × 10 cm for male or 15 cm × 10 cm for female participants on the distal part (middle of the lower third of the thigh), to fully cover the quadriceps muscle belly without covering the knee flexors. The electrodes were connected to a high–voltage, constant–current stimulator (DS7AH, Digitimer, Hertfordshire, UK) linked to the same analog interface as the transducer and controlled via the same software.

Henderson F.J., Konishi Y., Shima N, & Shimokochi Y. (2022). Effects of 8-Week Exhausting Deep Knee Flexion Flywheel Training on Persistent Quadriceps Weakness in Well-Trained Athletes Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(20), 13209.

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Lateral Ventricle Cannulation in Rats

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ICP was manipulated via a custom made dual-cannula placed into the lateral ventricle on the side ipsilateral to the cannulated eye^{13 (link)}. The dual-lumen cannula consisted of a 23 G outer needle (0.6 mm diameter × 19 mm length, Becton Dickinson, Franklin, WI, USA) and a 30 G (0.3 mm diameter × 13 mm length, Becton Dickinson) inner needle, which were connect via polyethylene tubing (0.8 mm) to a pressure transducer (Transpac, Abbott Critical Care System) and a syringe pump (Pump 11 Elite Syringe Pumps, Harvard Apparatus, Holliston, MA, USA), respectively. This allowed for simultaneous ICP manipulation (Bridge Amp ML 110, Amplifier ML 785, Powerlab/8SP, ADInstruments) and recording (Lab Chart 7, ADInstruments). To prepare for lateral ventricle cannulation, rats were anesthetized and placed on a stereotaxic platform (Model 900, David Kopf Instruments, Los Angeles, CA, USA). A 2 cm by 2 cm flap of skin above the skull was removed. Connective tissue around the calvarial area was removed to expose the coronal sutures. Using a dental burr attached to a drill (Model 300, Dremel®, Robert Bosch Tool Corporation, Racine, WI, USA), a hole was drilled through the skull at 1.5 mm caudal to bregma and 2 mm lateral to the midline. The cannula was then inserted to a depth of 3.5 mm³⁰.

Zhao D., Nguyen C.T., He Z., Wong V.H., van Koeverden A.K., Vingrys A.J, & Bui B.V. (2018). Age-related changes in the response of retinal structure, function and blood flow to pressure modification in rats. Scientific Reports, 8, 2947.

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Continuous Femoral Artery Blood Pressure Monitoring

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Blood pressure was monitored using a cannula placed in the femoral artery as previously described^{29 (link)}. Briefly, a heparinized polyethylene cannula was inserted 3 cm proximally into the left femoral artery and secured to the surrounding tissue. The line was connected to a pressure transducer (Transpac, Abbott Critical Care Systems, Sligo, Ireland), whose signal (Bridge Amp ML 110, Amplifier ML 785, Powerlab/8SP, ADInstruments, Colorado Springs, CO, USA) gave direct and continuous BP monitoring (Lab Chart 7, ADInstruments).

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Measurement of Head Twitch Response in Mice

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The head twitch response (HTR) was assessed using a head-mounted magnet and a magnetometer detection coil (Halberstadt and Geyer 2013 (link),2014 (link); Nichols et al. 2015 (link); Klein et al. 2018 (link)). Briefly, mice were anesthetized, a small incision was made in the scalp, and a small neodymium magnet was attached to the dorsal surface of the cranium using dental cement. Following a two-week recovery period, HTR experiments were carried out in a well-lit room with at least 7 days between sessions to avoid carryover effects. Test compounds were injected immediately prior to testing. Mice (n=5–7/group) were injected with drug or vehicle and then HTR activity was recorded in a glass cylinder surrounded by a magnetometer coil for 30 min. Coil voltage was low-pass filtered (2–10 kHz cutoff frequency), amplified, and digitized (20 kHz sampling rate) using a Powerlab/8SP with LabChart v 7.3.2 (ADInstruments, Colorado Springs, CO, USA), then filtered off-line (40–200 Hz band-pass). Head twitches were identified manually based on the following criteria: 1) sinusoidal wavelets; 2) evidence of at least three sequential head movements (usually exhibited as bipolar peaks) with frequency ≥ 40 Hz; 3) amplitude exceeding the level of background noise; 4) duration < 0.15 s; and 5) stable coil voltage immediately preceding and following each response.

Halberstadt A.L., Klein L.M., Chatha M., Valenzuela L.B., Stratford A., Wallach J., Nichols D.E, & Brandt S.D. (2018). Pharmacological characterization of the LSD analog N-ethyl-N-cyclopropyl lysergamide (ECPLA). Psychopharmacology, 236(2), 799-808.

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Aortic Ring Tension Measurement under Hypothermia

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Two stainless-steel triangles were inserted through each vessel ring, and each aortic ring was suspended in a water-jacketed organ bath (10 ml) that was adjusted from 37°C to 28°C (moderate hypothermia) using a thermostat and water baths and was aerated with a mixture of 95% O₂ and 5% CO₂. One triangle was anchored to a stationary support, and the other was connected to an isometric force transducer (Grass FT03C, Quincy, MA, USA). Rings were stretched passively by applying an optimal resting tension of 2.0 g, which was maintained throughout the experiment. Each ring was equilibrated in the organ bath solution for 60 min before contractile responses to 50 mM KCl or 1 μM phenylephrine were measured. Isometric contractions where the muscle length does not change during contraction (Ito et al., 2015 (link)), were recorded using one triangle anchored to a stationary support and the other connected to an isometric force transducer, an amplifier, and a computerized data acquisition system (PowerLab/8SP, AD Instruments, Castle Hill, NSW, Australia).
The indirect effect of hypothermia was determined by application of a temperature of 28°C using a thermoregulator and a water bath, 10 min before the application of fluoride (6 mM), thromboxane A₂ mimetic (0.1 μM), phenylephrine (1 μM), or phorbol ester (1 μM) in normal Krebs’ solution.

Chung Y.H., Oh K.W., Kim S.T., Park E.S., Je H.D., Yoon H.J., Sohn U.D., Jeong J.H, & La H.O. (2017). Hypothermia Inhibits Endothelium-Independent Vascular Contractility via Rho-kinase Inhibition. Biomolecules & Therapeutics, 26(2), 139-145.

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Vascular Relaxation by Pelargonidin

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Two stainless steel triangles were inserted through each vessel ring. Each aortic ring was suspended in a water-jacketed organ bath (10 mL) maintained at 37°C and was aerated with a mixture of 95% O₂ and 5% CO₂. One triangle was anchored to a stationary support, and the other was connected to an isometric force transducer (FT03C; Grass Instrument Company, Quincy, MA, USA). Muscles were passively stretched by applying an optimal resting tension of 2.0 g, which was maintained throughout the experiment. Each muscle was equilibrated in the organ bath solution for 60 min before contractile responses to 50 mM KCl or 1 µM phenylephrine were measured. Isometric contractions were recorded using a computerized data acquisition system (PowerLab/8SP; AD Instruments, Castle Hill, NSW, Australia).
The relaxation effect of pelargonidin was determined by applying the compound after thromboxane A2 (0.1 µM)-, phorbol ester (1 µM)-, or fluoride (6 mM)-induced contractions plateaued in a normal Krebs’ solution.

Min Y.S., Yoon H.J., Je H.D., Lee J.H., Yoo S.S., Shim H.S., Lee H.Y., La H.O, & Sohn U.D. (2018). Endothelium Independent Effect of Pelargonidin on Vasoconstriction in Rat Aorta. Biomolecules & Therapeutics, 26(4), 374-379.

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Colonic Smooth Muscle Contractility Assay

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Segments from proximal colon were transferred into an oxygenated (95% O₂ and 5% CO₂) Krebs solution of the following composition (mM): NaCl 119; NaHCO₃ 25; KH₂PO₄ 1.2; MgSO₄ 1.5; KCl 4.7; CaCl₂ 2.5 and glucose 11. Afterward, they were opened along the mesenteric border and pinned to a Sylgard base with the mucosa facing upwards. The mucosal layer was removed by gentle scraping and two muscle strips (3 mm wide by 10 mm long) from each segment were cut in the direction of circular muscle cells.
The strips were placed in a 5-ml organ bath filled with oxygenated Krebs solution at 37°C and connected to isometric force transducers (Ugo Basile, VA, Italy) under an initial tension of 10 mN. Mechanical activity was digitally recorded by an Octal Bridge Amplifier connected to a PowerLab/8sp hardware system (AD Instruments, Bella Vista, MSW, Australia). After a stabilization period of 60 min, the spontaneous mechanical activity was recorded for 15 min and then each preparation was exposed to a single maximal contractile concentration (1 µM) of the Mr2 receptor agonist methacholine (Sigma-Aldrich, Saint Louis, USA). All salts used were of analytical grade and purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany).

Traini C., Faussone-Pellegrini M.S., Evangelista S., Mazzaferro K., Cipriani G., Santicioli P, & Vannucchi M.G. (2014). Inner and Outer Portions of Colonic Circular Muscle: Ultrastructural and Immunohistochemical Changes in Rat Chronically Treated with Otilonium Bromide. PLoS ONE, 9(8), e103237.

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Tumor Interstitial Fluid Pressure and Oxygenation Measurement

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Tumor IFP was measured using a fine (0.36 mm) glass fiber based on the Fabry Perot interferometer (Samba Preclin^®, Samba Sensors, Bioseb, Vitrolles, France) according to the method described by Ozerdem [34 (link)]. Briefly, the probe is placed in a perforated 30-gauge catheter filled with gel (Duratears^®, Alcon). The catheter is then carefully introduced along a premade needle track into the center of the right tumor nodule. Tumor IFP (relative to the atmosphere, mmHg) was recorded for 5 to 8′ after achieving a stable value.
Tumor oxygenation was measured throughout the nodule using a single fluorescence based fiberoptic pO2 ‘Bare-Fibre’ sensor (OxyLite^®, Oxford Optronix, Oxford, UK) in a method similar to Ceelen et al [35 ]. In short, the probe was fixed to a micromanipulator and guided through the tumor along premade needle tracks. Measurements were made every 200 μm for up to 30 data points. Data was collected with Powerlab/8sp (ADInstruments, Oxford, UK) and the hypoxic fraction (% <5 mmHg pO2) was calculated.

Gremonprez F., Descamps B., Izmer A., Vanhove C., Vanhaecke F., De Wever O, & Ceelen W. (2015). Pretreatment with VEGF(R)-inhibitors reduces interstitial fluid pressure, increases intraperitoneal chemotherapy drug penetration, and impedes tumor growth in a mouse colorectal carcinomatosis model. Oncotarget, 6(30), 29889-29900.

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Measuring Pulse Wave Velocity in Mice

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PWV was acquired from the cardiovascular pulse, distance between locations d, and transit time Δt for the pulse to travel distance d. After isoflurane anesthesia, the mice were placed supine, and distance d between the supraclavicular notch and the ankle of the left hindlimb was measured. Three acupuncture needle electrodes were inserted subcutaneously into the right and left forelimbs and the left hindlimb. The other ends of the electrodes were connected to an amplifier cable for electrocardiography (ECG) of lead II (Powerlab/8sp, BIO Amp, ADinstruments, Dunedin, New Zealand). The pulse oximeter (MouseOx, Starr Life Sciences, Oakmont, PA, USA) was placed on the left ankle. The transit time (Δt) was acquired using the pulse wave between the initial peak of the ECG R-wave and arrival peak of pulse oximeter wave (LabChart software v7, Adinstruments, New Zealand). PWV was calculated as follows: PWV = d (meters)/Δt (seconds).

Lu C.W., Lee C.J., Hsieh Y.J, & Hsu B.G. (2023). Empagliflozin Attenuates Vascular Calcification in Mice with Chronic Kidney Disease by Regulating the NFR2/HO-1 Anti-Inflammatory Pathway through AMPK Activation. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(12), 10016.

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Noninvasive Cardiac Hemodynamics Assessment

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During all the protocol phases, cardiodynamic variables were measured by means of impedance cardiography (IC) (NCCOM 3, BoMed Inc., Irvine CA). The impedance method provides noninvasive reliable data of thoracic fluid index (TFI), left ventricular ejection time (VET), SV, heart rate (HR), and cardiac output (CO). IC has been commonly employed in resting and exercising subjects (Concu and Marcello, 1993 (link); Crisafulli et al., 2003 (link)). Impedance and ECG recorded traces were analyzed with a digital chart recorder (PowerLab 8sp, ADInstruments, Castle Hill, Australia). The SV-to-VET ratio was also assessed and considered as an index of myocardial performance (Tanaka et al., 1986 (link); Concu and Marcello, 1993 (link)). Systemic vascular resistance (SVR) was obtained by dividing mean blood pressure (MBP, calculated as diastolic blood pressure + 1/3 systolic blood pressure – diastolic blood pressure) by CO. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure measurements were performed every 30 s. Measurements were always taken in the morning at least 2 h after light breakfast.

Di Giacomo A., Ghiani G.M., Todde F, & Tocco F. (2021). Cardiovascular Responses to Simultaneous Diving and Muscle Metaboreflex Activation. Frontiers in Physiology, 12, 730983.

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