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58 protocols using goat anti rabbit

1

Antibody Detection in Yeast Protein Study

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Antibodies used in this study are described herein. To detect ubiquitin, we used the polyclonal rabbit anti-Ubiquitin antibody (ab19247; Abcam, UK). The goat anti-Rsp5 (sc-26193; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, TX, USA) polyclonal antibody was used to detect presence of Rsp5. Yca1-GFP presence was detected using the chicken polyclonal to GFP antibody (ab13970; Abcam, UK). mCherry fused proteins were detected using mouse monoclonal anti-RFP antibody (MBL International, MA, USA). This antibody does not react with GFP. Tubulin levels were detected using monoclonal rat anti-tubulin antibody (ab6160; Abcam, USA). IgG levels were detected using the goat anti-rat IgG HRP conjugate antibody (STAR113P; Bio-Rad, CA, USA). Secondary HRP conjugated antibodies used to detect the primary antibodies in this study are as follows: goat anti-mouse (170–6516), goat anti-rabbit (170–6515), rabbit anti-goat (172–1034; Bio-Rad, CA, USA), and goat anti-chicken (ab6877; Abcam, UK).
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2

Western Blot Analysis of Protein Targets

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All rats were deeply anesthetized with 10% chloral hydrate (0.3 g/kg, i.p.). The nitrocellulose membranes were incubated overnight at 4 °C with the primary antibody. The following commercially available antibodies were used as primary antibodies: ace-α-tubulin (1:10,000, sc23950, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, Texas, USA), pCRMP2 T514 polyclonal antibody (1:1000, ab62478; Abcam, Waltham, MA, USA) guinea pig anti-TRPV-1 polyclonal antibody (1:1000, AB5566; MilliporeSigma, Burlington, MA, USA), GADPH (1:2000, TA-08, Zhongshan Golden Bridge Biotechnology, Guangdong, China), and β-actin (1:2000, TA-09, Zhongshan Golden Bridge Biotechnology, Guangdong, China). The blots were washed 3 times in Tris-buffered saline-Tween. The membranes were incubated with horseradish–conjugated secondary antibody (1:2000, goat anti-rabbit, rabbit anti-goat, rabbit anti-guinea pig, or goat anti-mouse; Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, USA) for 1 h at room temperature, and developed with a chemiluminescence kit (sc-2048, Santa Cruz Biotechnology).
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3

Western Blot Analysis of Cellular Proteins

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Cell lysates were collected in 2x-sample buffer containing 2-mercaptoethanol. Media was concentrated using 30k centrifugal devices (MCP030C41, Microsep® Advance Centrifugal Devices Pall Corporation, Port Washington, NY) (UFC803024, Amicon® Ultra-4 Centrifugal Filter Unit, Millipore Sigma) and mixed with NuPAGE LDS 4x-Sample Buffer containing 2-mercaptoethanol. Tissue samples were lysed in RIPA buffer (#89900, Thermo-Fisher-Scientific, Waltham, MA) supplemented with 1×Halt protease and phosphatase-inhibitor cocktail (78430, Thermo-Fisher-Scientific) and mixed with 2x-sample buffer. Samples were boiled for 5-minutes, loaded onto 4%-15% gradient polyacrylamide gels (4561084, Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA), and then transferred to PVDF membranes (#1620177, Bio-Rad). Blots were blocked using 5% milk in TBST. Primary antibodies were: 1:500 GPNMB (AF2550-SP R&D Biosystems, Minneapolis, MN), 1:4000 GAPDH (14C10, Cell Signaling), 1:1000 pS6 (S235/236, Cell Signaling), 1:1000 tS6 (5G10, Cell Signaling, Danvers, MA). Secondary antibodies were: 1:2000 Rabbit anti-goat (#1721034, Biorad) and 1:4000 Goat anti-rabbit (#1706515, Biorad). ECL Prime Western Blotting Detection Reagent (RPN2236, Cytiva, Marlborough, MA) or Clarity Western ECL Substrate (1705062, Bio-Rad) were used, and intensities determined using ImageJ.
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4

Western Blot Analyses Across Multiple Pathways

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Western blots were performed as previously described [22 (link)]. All antibodies were from Cell Signaling except for ATF4 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology) and iNOS (BD Biosciences), and were used at a dilution of 1/1000 to 1/2000. The primary antibodies used were: 4E-BP1 (20 kD), phospho-4E-BP1 (20 kD), 5-LOX (78 kD), ACC1 (265 kD), phospho-ACC1 (265 kD), AKT (60 kD), phospho-AKT (60 kD), AMPK (62 kD), phospho-AMPK (62 kD), ATF4 (38 kD), cleaved caspase 1 (22 kD), COX2 (74 kD), eIF2α (38 kD), phospho-eIF2α (38 kD), ERK1/2 (44/42 kD), phospho-ERK1/2 (44/42 kD), HSP27 (27 kD), HSP40 (40 kD), HSP60 (60 kD), HSP70 (70 kD), HSP90 (90 kD), iNOS (130 kD), JNK1/2 (46/54 kD), phospho-JNK1/2 (46/54 kD), P38 (40 kD), phospho-P38 (40 kD), P62 (62 kD), NF-κB P65 (65 kD), RIG-1 (102 kD), S6 (32 kD), phospho-S6 (32 kD), S6 kinase (70 kD), phospho-S6 kinase (70 kD), and TNFα (17 kD). Horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibodies (goat anti-rabbit, goat anti-mouse, or rabbit anti-goat) (BioRad) diluted 1/5000) were used.
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5

Western Blot Analysis of aPKCζ in Parotid Glands

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Parotid glands from wild type and Prkcz−/− mice were lysed in RIPA buffer with 5 mM sodium orthovanadate (Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA), protease inhibitor cocktail (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) and 100 mM PMSF (Pierce/Thermo Scientific, Rockford, IL); then, samples were sonicated for 2 minutes and boiled for 10 min until homogeneous. 100 ug of protein from supernatant were loaded in 12% polyacrylamide gels. Transference was performed for 1 hour at 100 V using 0.45 μm Immobilon-P membranes (Millipore, Billerica, MA). After blocking in TBST buffer containing 2% BSA, membranes were incubated at 4 °C overnight in primary antibody at 1:1000 dilution. For detection, HRP conjugated secondary antibodies were applied to the membranes for 1 hour at room temperature and ECL substrate (Pierce/Thermo Scientific) was used following instructions by the manufacturer. The following antibodies were used: anti-total aPKCζ (Cell signaling, #9368), anti-PKCζ (phospho T560) antibody [EP2037AY] (Abcam, ab62372), Anti-Beta-tubulin (Thermo Scientific, #rb-9249-p), anti-Yap (D8H1X) XP Rabbit mAb (Cell Signaling, # 14074), anti-Rabbit-HRP (1:2000, Cell signaling, #7074 S), and Goat-anti-rabbit (1:10000, BioRad, #972-4446).
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6

Western Blot Analysis of Phosphorylated AKT

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Frozen tissues were homogenized for Western Blot analysis. Protein concentration was equalized and proteins were separated with SDS-PAGE and transferred to polyvinylidene difluoride membranes (GE Healthcare Life Sciences, Diegem, Belgium). Membranes were incubated overnight at 4°C with an antibody against pAKT (Ser473, Cell Signaling Technology, Leiden, Netherlands) or AKT (Cell Signaling Technology) in 5% bovine serum albumin. The following day, membranes were incubated with a secondary antibody containing horse-radish peroxidase (Goat-anti-rabbit: Bio-Rad, Veenendaal, Netherlands). To visualize the immune complex, membranes were treated with enhanced chemiluminescence reaction reagent and a picture was taken using Gel Doc XR+ Imaging system (Bio-Rad). Protein bands were analyzed using Image Lab 3.0.1 (Bio-Rad).
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7

Immunoprecipitation and Western Blot Analysis

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Embryonic day E11.5 embryos were placed in lysis buffer (50 mM Tris-HCl at pH7.4, 150 mM NaCl, 1 mM EDTA, 1% Triton X-100, including 1 tablet protease inhibitor (Roche Complete) per 10 mls lysate) and incubated on ice for 10 min. Tissue debris was pelleted at 12,500 rpm for 10 min at 4°C, and the supernatant was incubated with primary antibodies overnight at 4°C. The lysates were incubated with Protein A or G Sepharose beads for 2 h, followed by washing of the immunoprecipitates three times with lysis buffer and elution of bound proteins in SDS–PAGE sampling buffer for 10 min at 100°C. Western blots were performed as described previously (Chen et al., 2005 (link)) using primary antibodies as listed. Secondary antibodies used were goat anti-rabbit (172–1019, Bio-Rad), and goat anti-mouse (172- 1011, Bio-Rad).
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8

Detecting IGF System and Differentiation Markers

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In this study, the following antibodies were used to detect the IGF system: phospho-p44/42 MAPK (#4377), p44/42 MAPK (#9102), phospho-AKT (Ser473, #4051), and AKT (#9272) (Cell Signaling Technologies, Burlington, ON) and IGF-1Rα (N-20, sc-712) and IR-α (N-20, sc-710) (Santa Cruz Biotech., Santa Cruz, CA). For multipotency markers, we used OCT3/4 antibody (N-19, sc-8628) (Santa Cruz Biotech., Santa Cruz, CA) and SOX-2 (2683-1) (Epitomics, Burlington, ON). For the osteogenic differentiation markers, we used RUNX2 (#8486) (Cell Signaling Technologies, Burlington, ON), phospho-RUNX2 (PA5-12988) (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Burlington, ON), and OPN (K-20, sc-1059) (Santa Cruz Biotech., Santa Cruz, CA). For the loading control, we used pan-Actin Ab-5 (#MS-1295) (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Fremont, CA). The secondary antibodies used for immunoblotting were goat anti-rabbit (#170-6515), anti-mouse (#170-6516) HRP-conjugated antibodies (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA), or donkey anti-goat antibody (sc-2020) (Santa Cruz Biotech., Santa Cruz, CA).
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9

Western Blot Analysis of p63 Protein

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Cell and tissues extracts were resolved on SDS polyacrylamide gels and blotted onto Hybond P, PVDF membrane (GE Healtcare Chicago, IL, USA). Membranes were blocked with PBST 5% non-fat dry milk, incubated with primary antibodies for 2 h at room temperature, washed and hybridized with peroxidase conjugated secondary antibodies for 1 h at room temperature (goat anti-rabbit or goat anti-mouse, Biorad Hercules, CA, USA). Detection was performed with the ECL chemiluminescence kit (Perkin Elmer, Waltham, MA, USA) The antibodies used were: anti-p63α (D2K8X, Cell Signaling Technologies, Danvers, MA, USA; 1/500 dilution), anti-p63 (D9L7L, Cell Signaling Technologies, Danvers, MA, USA; 1/250), anti-GAPDH (clone 6C5, Merck Millipore, Darmstadt, Germany), anti-HA.11 (Biolegend, San Diego, CA, USA; 1/500), and anti-βactin (AC-15, Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA; 1/5000).
Uncropped blots for westerns and other blots can be found in the Source data file.
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10

Quantification of CB1 and SLP2 in Mouse Forebrain

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CD-1 mouse embryos at E13.5 (n=4), E16.5 (n=6) or new-born mice (n=6) were decapitated and forebrains were removed. Crudely purified mitochondrial fractions were prepared as described (Morozov et al., 2013 (link)). 20 μg protein samples were separated using electrophoresis at 210V in 4-12% NuPAGE Bis-Tris mini gels (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA) and electrophoretically transferred to PVDF membranes (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA, USA). The membranes were subsequently immunoblotted with anti-CB1-L31 (made-in-Guinea pig; Frontier Science Co. Ltd, Japan; 1:400) and anti-SLP2 (made-in-rabbit; 1:200; Santa Cruz Biotechnology Inc, Santa Cruz, CA, USA). The membranes were counterstained using corresponding donkey anti-Guinea pig (1:5000; Jackson Immunoresearch, West Grove, PA, USA) or goat anti-rabbit (1:3000; Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA, USA) horse radish peroxidase conjugates, immersed in Clarity Western ECL Substrate (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA, USA) and exposed to X-ray films during recorded periods. Between the immunoblot procedures, membranes were rinsed and incubated in Restore Western Blot Stripping Buffer (Thermo Scientific; Rockford, IL, USA). Before repetitive immunoblots, the membranes were kept in Tris-saline buffer (pH 7.5) at +4°C for 4 days.
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