During the pretreatment phase, PI might be activated in situ by WAS. Hence, the reactive species (e.g., •OH, 1O2, and •O2−) could be major intermediates. To verify this speculation, WAS mixture (1 mL) after 20 min of pretreatment was extracted to perform ESR tests. 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinol (TEMP) was used to trap 1O2, and 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline (DMPO) was used to trap •O2− and •OH. Measurements of reactive radicals were based on an ESR spectrometer (Bruker EMXnano, Germany), according to Wang et al. [4 (link)]. Detailed information is shown in Supplementary Material. To further assess the potential contributions of these reactive species for WAS disintegration, the batch scavenging experiments were performed in the presence of different oxidant scavengers (i.e., phenol, tert-butyl alcohol (TBA), p-benzoquinone (p-BQ), and furfuryl alcohol (FFA)). It was reported that TBA, p-BQ, and FFA were used as •OH (k•OH = 3.8–7.6 × 108 M s−1), •O2− ( = 9.8 × 108 M s−1), and 1O2 (k1O2 = 1.2 × 108 M s−1) scavenger [25 (link)], respectively. Besides, phenol has been documented as a scavenger for both iodine radicals (e.g., •IO3 and •IO4) and •OH [26 (link)]. More information was presented in Supplementary Material.
Emxnano
Manufactured by Bruker
Sourced in Germany, United States
The EMXnano is a compact and versatile electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrometer designed for routine measurements. It provides high-performance EPR analysis capabilities in a small footprint.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Escalab 250xi, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (4 mentions)
S 4800, by Hitachi (2 mentions)
5 5 dimethyl 1 pyrroline, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Energydispersive spectroscopy, by Oxford Instruments (1 mentions)
Gemini column, by Zeiss (1 mentions)
Asap 2000 surface area analyzer, by Micromeritics (1 mentions)
Uvgl 58, by Analytik Jena (1 mentions)
D8 venture, by Bruker (1 mentions)
Avance 3 400, by Bruker (1 mentions)
Model660d, by CH Instruments (1 mentions)
Dmire2, by Leica camera (1 mentions)
Zetasizer nano zs zen3600, by Malvern Panalytical (1 mentions)
Nicolet is5, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Jem 1230, by JEOL (1 mentions)
Uv vis spectrophotometer, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Jem 2100, by JEOL (1 mentions)
D8 advance, by Bruker (1 mentions)
Jsm 7800f, by JEOL (1 mentions)
Analyst 200 atomic absorption spectrometer, by PerkinElmer (1 mentions)
Alpha atr ftir spectrometer, by Bruker (1 mentions)
22 protocols using emxnano
1
Reactive Oxygen Species Detection in WAS
2
Characterization of Nanomaterials by FE-SEM, EPR, and BET
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Field-emission scanning
electron microscopy (FE-SEM) was performed on an FE-SEM LEO Supra
55 VP along with a GEMINI column (Carl Zeiss, Germany) 5–10
keV (20 mA) in in-lens secondary electron imaging mode with a working
distance of 2–8 mm, equipped with an Oxford Instrument Energy
Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDX) analytical instrument.
Electron
paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrometry (EMXnano, Bruker, Germany)
was applied for the detection of radicals during and after the reaction.
The parameters for EPR measurements were set with a modulation frequency
of 100 kHz, a microwave frequency of 9.61 GHz, microwave power of
1.26 mW (19 dB), modulation amplitude of 2.0 G, a sweep width of 200
G, a time constant of 1.28 ms, and five scans. A nitrone spin trapping
agent (5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide ≥97%,
DMPO, Sigma Aldrich) was used to form stable spin adducts with radicals.
Relative surface area and pore volume analyses were performed by
Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) and Barrett–Joyner–Halenda
(BJH) methods by an ASAP 2000 Surface Area Analyzer (Micromeritics
Instrument Corporation).
electron microscopy (FE-SEM) was performed on an FE-SEM LEO Supra
55 VP along with a GEMINI column (Carl Zeiss, Germany) 5–10
keV (20 mA) in in-lens secondary electron imaging mode with a working
distance of 2–8 mm, equipped with an Oxford Instrument Energy
Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDX) analytical instrument.
Electron
paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrometry (EMXnano, Bruker, Germany)
was applied for the detection of radicals during and after the reaction.
The parameters for EPR measurements were set with a modulation frequency
of 100 kHz, a microwave frequency of 9.61 GHz, microwave power of
1.26 mW (19 dB), modulation amplitude of 2.0 G, a sweep width of 200
G, a time constant of 1.28 ms, and five scans. A nitrone spin trapping
agent (5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide ≥97%,
DMPO, Sigma Aldrich) was used to form stable spin adducts with radicals.
Relative surface area and pore volume analyses were performed by
Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) and Barrett–Joyner–Halenda
(BJH) methods by an ASAP 2000 Surface Area Analyzer (Micromeritics
Instrument Corporation).
3
ESR Analysis of r-BS Powder
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
ESR measurements were performed using an EMX nano (Bruker, USA). The r-BS powder was placed in a quartz tube and cooled by liquid nitrogen.
4
UV-induced Radical Generation in AgNPs
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Fifty microliters (10 ng/µL) of the AgNPs was subjected to UV (365 nm) irradiation for 0.5, 1, 3, or 30 min. UV irradiation was performed using a Handheld UV Lamp (UVGL-58; Analytik Jena, CA, USA), which is generally used for the detection of DNA. After irradiation with UV, 10 µL of radical trapping reagent 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (DMPO) (#LM-2110; Dojindo Laboratories, Kumamoto, Japan) was added to each sample followed by gentle mixing. Subsequently, the mixture was transferred to a 50 µL calibrated pipet (#2-000-050; Drummond Scientific Company, Pennsylvania, USA) and analyzed using a benchtop EPR (EMX-nano, Bruker Corporation, Massachusetts, USA) together with its proprietary software solution (Xenon). In this study, all experiments were performed in the same area where there was no external light.
5
ESR Analysis of Hydroxyl Radical Generation
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
The ESR spectra of different chemical reactions were measured using an ESR spectrometer (Bruker EMXnano) to determine the generation of ·OH by DMPO under different conditions. Fifty microliters of the treated samples was injected into glass capillary tubes and placed in the ESR cavity, and after 2 min, the ESR spectra were documented.
6
Cobalt-mediated Organic Transformations
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
All the manipulations were conducted using standard Schlenk-line techniques or in a glovebox under nitrogen atmosphere. All solvents were degassed and dried by either molecular sieves (DCM, toluene, hexane), or Na/K (pentane and ether). Cobaltocene (CoCp2), lithium diisopropylamide (LDA), tetrakis(dimethylamino)ethylene (TDAE), 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) and 2,6-dimethylphenylisocyanide (CNXyl) were purchased and used without further purification. Cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene (CAAC), 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl boron dichloride (TMP-BCl2), potassium tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl) borate (K[B(C6F5)4]) were synthesized according to literature procedures (see Supplementary Methods 1.2 ). SC-XRD were carried out on Bruker D8 VENTURE at 100 K. NMR spectra were recorded using Bruker AvanceIII-400 (1H: 400.2 MHz, 11B: 128.4 MHz, 13C: 100.6 MHz, 19F: 376 MHz). EPR spectra were carried out on either Bruker EMXnano (0.3162 mW) or EMXmicro (21.10 mW). CV spectra were collected on CH Instruments (Model 660D) at a scan rate of 100 mV/s. DFT calculations were carried out with Gaussian 16 program package at the theory level of UCAM-B3LYP/6-31 G(d,p) with SMD(DCM) as the solvation model.
7
Measuring Superoxide in Whole Blood
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) was used to measure O2− in whole blood samples collected on Day 10 using the EMXnano (Bruker). Blood was processed immediately after it was drawn at the beginning of the experimental visit. Whole blood samples were incubated in a buffer solution containing phosphate buffered saline, diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) (100 μM), and 1‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxycarbonyl‐2,2,5,5‐tetramethyl‐pyrrolidine (CMH) (0.2 mM) for 10 min at 37°C. CMH reacts with O2− to form nitroxide CM, a stable free radical detected by EPR. Following incubation, samples were flash‐frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at −80°C. The EPR acquisition parameters include microwave frequency = 9.65 GHz; center field = 3436 G; sweep width = 150 G; sweep time = 20 s; microwave power = 0.316 mW; receiver gain = 40 dB; modulation amplitude = 3.0 G; number of scans = 4; microwave attenuation = 35 dB; and time constant = 10.24 ms (Elajaili et al., 2019 ). All samples were measured in triplicate and averaged. O2− concentration was quantified as nitroxide molarity and number of free radicals which is directly proportional to the amount of ROS in the sample.
8
Comprehensive Characterization of MOF/TA Nanocomposite
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Morphological study of the MOF/TA was performed with transmission electron microscopy (TEM, JEM-1230, JEOL, Akishima, Japan) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM, Hitachi H-7593; Hitachi, Ltd., Tokyo, Japan). FTIR spectroscopy analyses of MOF, TA, and MOF/TA were conducted using an FT-IR spectrophotometer (Nicolet iS5, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). ESR spectra of different samples with DMPO were recorded on an ESR spectrometer (Bruker EMXnano, Bruker, Bremen, Germany). H&E stains of mice tumors collected from different groups were imaged using an inverted fluorescence microscope (DM IRE2, Leica, Wetzlar, Germany). The hydrodynamic diameters of MOF/TA were determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS, Malvern Zetasizer Nano-ZS ZEN 3600, Malvern Instruments, Worcestershire, UK).
9
Characterization of Iron Oxide Nanomaterials
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
The morphological of as-synthesized α-Fe2O3-NRs and Fe3O4-MNRs samples were observed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM, JEOL JSM-7800F, Tokyo, Japan), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM, JEOL JEM-2100, Tokyo, Japan). The magnetization values of α-Fe2O3-NRs and Fe3O4-MNRs were measured by the vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM, Lake Shore 7410, Carson, CA, USA). The XRD patterns of Fe3O4-MNRs sample were generated on a X-ray diffraction diffractometer (D8 Advance, Bruker, Billerica, MA, USA) with Cu Kα radiation (λ = 1.5147 Å). The chemical composition of the as-prepared Fe3O4-MNRs was characreized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS, Kratos Axis Ultra DLD, Kyoto, Japan). The transmittance spectra of dyes degradation samples were measured using UV-Vis spectrophotometer (Thermo Scientific NanoDrop One, Waltham, MA, USA). Spectra were recorded at room temperature in steps of 0.5 nm in the range 190–850 nm. The free radicals triggered by Fe3O4-MNRs in H2O2 were recorded with an electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscope (Bruker EMXnano, Karlsruhe, Germany).
10
Characterization of Reactive Orange-16 Dye
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
All chemicals and materials were used without further purification. Solutions of the Reactive Orange-16 dye (RO-16) (Sigma-Aldrich) with an assay of 50% were prepared by dissolving the weighed solid in distilled water.
The IR spectra was collected on a Bruker Alpha ATR-FTIR spectrometer at a resolution of 4 cm−1. Samples were analysed after normalization of the spectra (allows for differences in sample loading and concentration) at pH = 3. Iron content was determined on PerkinElmer Analyst 200 Atomic Absorption Spectrometer after digestion of the sample with Conc. HCl at 140 °C. UV-VIS measurements were carried out on an Evolution 220 UV-Visible spectrophotometer by Thermo Fisher Scientific at bandwidth of 2 nm. The SEM images were obtained from a Carl Zeiss EVO 15 and the EDX on an Oxford instrument Xmax 80 mm2. The EPR measurements were done on an EMXnano from Bruker at a g factor of 4.00. The XRD measurements were done on a Bruker XRD D2 PHASER 2theta/scan Cu tube with 1.54184 Å with Lynexy (ID mode) detector run from 10 to 80 2theta and resolved on a Diffrac.Suite EVA software (VERSION 4.2.1.10).
The IR spectra was collected on a Bruker Alpha ATR-FTIR spectrometer at a resolution of 4 cm−1. Samples were analysed after normalization of the spectra (allows for differences in sample loading and concentration) at pH = 3. Iron content was determined on PerkinElmer Analyst 200 Atomic Absorption Spectrometer after digestion of the sample with Conc. HCl at 140 °C. UV-VIS measurements were carried out on an Evolution 220 UV-Visible spectrophotometer by Thermo Fisher Scientific at bandwidth of 2 nm. The SEM images were obtained from a Carl Zeiss EVO 15 and the EDX on an Oxford instrument Xmax 80 mm2. The EPR measurements were done on an EMXnano from Bruker at a g factor of 4.00. The XRD measurements were done on a Bruker XRD D2 PHASER 2theta/scan Cu tube with 1.54184 Å with Lynexy (ID mode) detector run from 10 to 80 2theta and resolved on a Diffrac.Suite EVA software (VERSION 4.2.1.10).
About PubCompare
Our mission is to provide scientists with the largest repository of trustworthy protocols and intelligent analytical tools, thereby offering them extensive information to design robust protocols aimed at minimizing the risk of failures.
We believe that the most crucial aspect is to grant scientists access to a wide range of reliable sources and new useful tools that surpass human capabilities.
However, we trust in allowing scientists to determine how to construct their own protocols based on this information, as they are the experts in their field.
Ready to get started?
Sign up for free.
Registration takes 20 seconds.
Available from any computer
No download required
Revolutionizing how scientists
search and build protocols!