L bmaa

Media, sera, and antibiotics for cell cultures were purchased from Life Technologies (Milan, Italy). Mouse monoclonal anti-p-Akt (#4051) and rabbit polyclonal anti-GRP78 (#3183) were from Cell Signaling Technology Inc. (Danvers, MA, USA). Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Akt1/2/3 (#sc-8312) was from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. (Dallas, TX, USA). Rabbit polyclonal antibody against NCX1 (#π11-13) was from Swant (Bellinzona, Switzerland), rabbit polyclonal anti-NCX3 antibody was done by Dr. K. Philipson (University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA). Mouse monoclonal anti-SOD (#S2147), mouse monoclonal anti-α-tubulin (#T5168) and rabbit polyclonal anti-MAP2 (#M3696) antibodies were from Sigma-Aldrich (Milan, Italy). ECL reagents and nitrocellulose membranes were from GE Healthcare (Milan, Italy). SOD1, retinoic acid, L-BMAA, thapsigargin, ATP, H₂O₂, 8-bromo-cADPR, MK801, CNQX, oligomycin, 2-deoxy-d-glucose, 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCF-DA), PD98059, LY294002, and all other reagents were from Sigma-Aldrich (Milan, Italy). A430879 was a kind gift from Prof. S. Bruzzone (Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy). The inactive mutant HA-Aktk179M (Akt D–) plasmids were donated by Prof. P. Formisano (“Federico II” University of Naples, Naples, Italy). Fura-2/AM and SBFI/AM were from Life Technologies (Milan, Italy).

L-BMAA, URB597, anti-ANP32e (SAB2100124), iodoacetamide, amoniumbicarbonate and urea were purchased from Sigma Aldrich. Anti-GSK-3α/β (sc-7291) and anti-GAPDH (sc-32233) and anti-Sec61a (sc-12322) were from Santa Cruz. Sequence grade trypsin was from Promega. Acetonitrile (ACN), water and trifluoretic acid (TFA) were all HPLC grade and purchased from Sigma Aldrich.