Vancomycin

Dicloxacillin (Diclocil, Bristol-Myers Squibb) and Vancomycin (Vancomycin, Fresenius Kabi, Denmark) were purchased and used as the commercial product registered in Denmark for parenteral clinical use. Thioridazine (Thioridazine hydrochloride, Sigma-Aldrich Corporation, Denmark) was purchased and used in its racemic form.
Dosages were set on behalf of the given references in Table 1 and considerations on clinical applicability in humans. However, VAN was intentionally and according to the study by Docobo-Perez et al. [15 (link)] set at a high dose compared to the equivalent dose in humans. The rationale was to make sure that Vancomycin had been administered in adequate dosages in order to be a useful positive control, and to minimize the risk of a type II error when comparing other treatments to Vancomycin.
According to the equivalent daily dosages in mice (Table 1), the antimicrobial agents were dissolved in isotonic saline (Amgros I/S, Denmark) at concentrations fitted for an injection of 0.5 ml twice a day. Mice treated with the combination treatment (DCX +TDZ) had two injections at different sites to avoid the possibility of crystallization or altered absorption when the drugs were mixed. Hence, this group of mice had a total volume of 1 ml twice a day. TDZ was at all times before injection protected from sunlight due to its decomposing effect on the drug.

The following antibacterial substances were used: vancomycin (Fresenius, Kabi, Bad Homburg, Germany), Al₂O₃ nanowires (diameter × L 2–6 nm × 200–400 nm Sigma-Aldrich in powder form), and TiO₂ nanoparticles (Nanografi, Turkey).