Before scanning, all cases underwent a bolus injection of 0.02 mmol/kg body weight Gd-DTPA (Primovist, Bayer-Schering Pharma, Berlin, Germany) at a rate of 2.5 mL/s and immediately followed by a 15 mL saline flush. Every person was scanned on 3.0T scanner (GE 3.0T Discovery MR 750) using an eight-channel phase array coil. The MR sequences parameters were as follows: (I) axial T1WI: repetition time (TR) =3.7 ms, echo time (TE) =1.7 ms, slice thickness =5.2 mm, interslice gap =−2.6 mm and NEX =0.7; (II) axial T2WI: TR =6,667 ms, TE=1.7 ms, interslice gap =1 mm and NEX =2.5; (III) IVIM-DWI-EPI: TR =5,714 ms, TE =66.1 ms, slice thickness =7 mm, interslice gap =1 mm, NEX =2, MB =10 (b-values: 0, 20, 50, 100, 200, 400, 800, 1,000, 1,200, 1,500 s/mm2); (IV) axial contrast-enhanced imaging (TR =3.7 ms, TE =1.7 ms, interslice gap =−2.6 mm and NEX =0.7) and coronal contrast-enhanced imaging (TR =3.6 ms, TE =1.7 ms, interslice gap =−2.0 mm and NEX =0.7).
Primovist
Manufactured by Bayer
Sourced in Germany, Japan
Primovist is a contrast agent used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) procedures. It is designed to enhance the visualization of certain structures or abnormalities within the body during the imaging process.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Eovist, by Bayer (17 mentions)
Magnetom aera, by Siemens (15 mentions)
Ingenia, by Philips (15 mentions)
Magnetom skyra, by Siemens (14 mentions)
Magnetom avanto, by Siemens (9 mentions)
Magnetom verio, by Siemens (7 mentions)
Magnetom symphony, by Siemens (6 mentions)
Dotarem, by Guerbet (6 mentions)
Achieva, by Philips (6 mentions)
Magnetom trio a tim, by Siemens (5 mentions)
Magnetom trio, by Siemens (5 mentions)
Gadovist, by Bayer (5 mentions)
Signa hdx, by GE Healthcare (4 mentions)
Ingenia s, by Philips (4 mentions)
Magnevist, by Bayer (4 mentions)
Multihance, by Bracco (4 mentions)
Intera achieva, by Philips (4 mentions)
Total imaging matrix package, by Siemens (3 mentions)
Magnetom prisma, by Siemens (3 mentions)
Signa hdxt, by GE Healthcare (3 mentions)
164 protocols using primovist
1
Multiparametric MRI Protocol for Liver Imaging
2
Multiparametric MRI Liver Imaging Protocol
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MR imaging was performed using a 3.0-T MR system (MAGNETOM Verio; Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany) with an eight-channel body phased-array coil. The MR protocol consisted of breath-hold transverse T1-weighted in- and out-of-phase two-dimensional gradient-echo sequences (TR/in phase TE, 130/2.6; out-of-phase TE, 1.5; flip angle, 52°; field of view, 400 × 300 mm; matrix, 288 × 187; section thickness, 6 mm), transverse T2-weighted half Fourier acquisition single shot turbo spin-echo sequences (TR/TE, 800/91; flip angle, 138°; field of view, 400 × 300 mm; matrix, 384 × 173; slice thickness, 6 mm), and transverse fat-suppressed T2-weighted turbo spin-echo sequences (TR/TE, 4400/102; flip angle, 140°; field of view, 400 × 300 mm; matrix, 448 × 218; slice thickness, 6 mm).
A dose of 0.1 mL/kg (0.025 mmol/kg) Gd-EOB-DTPA (Primovist or Eovist, Bayer Schering Pharma) was administered intravenously at 1.0 mL/s for the dynamic study, followed by a 30 mL saline flush. Contrast-enhanced MRI was performed using an axial fat-suppressed three-dimensional T1-weighted spoiled gradient-echo sequence (TR/TE, 3.1/1.2; flip angle, 11.5°; field of view, 380 × 300 mm; matrix, 374 × 200; section thickness, 2 mm). Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced hepatocyte-phase images were obtained 20 min after contrast agent administration.
A dose of 0.1 mL/kg (0.025 mmol/kg) Gd-EOB-DTPA (Primovist or Eovist, Bayer Schering Pharma) was administered intravenously at 1.0 mL/s for the dynamic study, followed by a 30 mL saline flush. Contrast-enhanced MRI was performed using an axial fat-suppressed three-dimensional T1-weighted spoiled gradient-echo sequence (TR/TE, 3.1/1.2; flip angle, 11.5°; field of view, 380 × 300 mm; matrix, 374 × 200; section thickness, 2 mm). Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced hepatocyte-phase images were obtained 20 min after contrast agent administration.
3
Gd-EOB-DTPA-Enhanced Liver MRI Protocol
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All MRI examinations of the liver were performed using a 1.5-T MRI scanner (Avanto, Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany) with a 16-channel phased-array body coil for obtaining routine Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI and MRE images. All patients were fasted for at least 4 hours before MRI examinations. For Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI, all patients received a 0.025 mmol/kg (0.1 mL/kg) peripheral IV bolus of Gd-EOB-DTPA (Primovist, Bayer Schering Pharma, Berlin, Germany) at a speed of approximately 2 mL/s. The line was flushed with 20 mL of 0.9% saline. MRI examinations were performed using dynamic T1-weighted (T1-W) fat-saturated 3-dimensional volumetric interpolated breath-holding sequences (repetition time [TR]/echo time[TE], 3.7 ms/1.4 ms; flip angle, 10°; slice thickness, 3 mm; matrix, 512 × 400; number of excitations, 1) before and 25 to 30 seconds (arterial phase), 55 to 60 seconds (portal phase), 85 to 90 seconds (venous phase), and 20 minutes (hepatobiliary phase) after the injection of Gd-EOB-DTPA.
4
Gd-MRI Characterization of HCC
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Characterization and pretreatment staging for HCC was determined by Gd MRI using a 1.5-T or 3.0-T MR system (Ingeina; Philips Healthcare) using the same protocol. For the dynamic study, 0.1 ml Primovist (0.25 mmol/ml gadoxetic acid; Bayer Schering Pharma) was administered intravenously per kg/bodyweight. The optimal arterial dominant phase, calculated as time of peak enhancement in the abdominal aorta + an additional 10 sec of imaging time (16-22 sec) was achieved using the test injection method with 1.5 ml gadoxetic acid + 8-ml saline flush. Subsequent to imaging during the arterial phase, portal and equilibrium phase images were captured at 20 and 60 sec, respectively, once the previous imaging phase was over. The HBP for all patients was obtained 20 min post-injection.
5
Gadoxetic Acid-Enhanced MRI Protocol for HCC
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All HCC patients underwent preoperative Gadoxetic acid-enhanced MR imaging examination by a 1.5T scanner (Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany). Image acquisition procedures were performed as previously reported [46 (link)]. Namely, six routine MRI sequences included axial T2-weighted imaging(T2WI) with fat suppression, diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), dynamic three-dimensional T1-weighted volumetric-interpolated breath-hold examination (VIBE) at pre-contrast phase (T1), arterial phase (20–30 s, T1A) , portal venous phase (about 80 s, T1V), delayed phase (3 min, T1D) after injection of 0.025 mmol/kg of gadoxetic acid (Primovist, Bayer Schering Pharma, Berlin, Germany) into the cubital vein, followed by a 20-mL saline flush. Details of MRI acquisition parameters were listed in the Supplementary Table 1 .
6
Gadoxetic Acid-Enhanced MRI Protocol
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MRI examinations in all patients from institution I and institution II were performed using a 1.5T (Magnetom Aera; Siemens Healthcare) and 3.0T (Magnetom Trio A Tim; Siemens Healthcare) MR scanner, respectively. The scanning range covered from the top to the lower edge of the liver with an 8-channel phased-array coil as the receiver coil. Gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI was obtained including the pre-enhanced, enhanced arterial phase (AP, 20–40s), portal phase (PVP, 50–70s), equilibrium phase (EP, 100–120s), and 20min HBP images. Gadoxetic acid (Primovist; Bayer Schering Pharma, Berlin, Germany) was injected into the cubital vein at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/s and a dose of 0.025 mmol/kg, followed by 20 ml of normal saline for flushing. A more detailed description of the MRI methods and specific sequences and parameters of MRI scans are shown in Supplementary Materials 1.1 Table S1
7
Standardized MRI Protocol for Liver Imaging
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MR images were obtained with either a 1.5-T or a 3.0-T MR system (Signa HDx; GE Medical Systems, Milwaukee, Wis) with the same protocol for each type of imaging sequence. The protocols for T1-weighted, T2-weighted, diffusion-weighted, and contrast material–enhanced T1-weighted imaging are shown in Table S1 . For the contrast enhancement study, images were obtained during the hepatobiliary phase 20 min after the intravenous injection of gadoxetic acid at a dose of 0.1 mL/kg (Primovist, 0.25 mmol/mL of solution; Bayer Schering Pharma, Berlin, Germany).
8
Standardized Liver MRI Protocol
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Standardized pretreatment and posttreatment liver MRI were performed on a 1.5 T MR system (Magnetom Avanto, Magnetom Aera Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany or Ingenia, Ingenia S, Philips Healthcare, Best, Netherlands). Liver MRI included unenhanced T1w gradient-echo (GRE) (2D Flash) sequences in- and out-of-phase, a single shot T2w sequence (HASTE), T1w 3D GRE sequences with fat suppression (VIBE) before and 20, 50, and 120 seconds (depending on circulation time) after intravenous contrast injection (Gd-EOBDTPA; Primovist, Eovist, Bayer Schering Pharma, Germany; 25 μmol/kg body weight), a multishot T2w turbo spin echo sequence with fat saturation, diffusion-weighted sequences with b-values of 50, 400 and 800 s/mm2 and, after a delay of 15 minutes, an additional T1w GRE sequence with fat saturation (2D FLASH) and a fat suppressed T1w VIBE 3D GRE sequence identical to those performed earlier. Parallel imaging with an acceleration factor of 2 was utilized for all sequences. ADC maps were automatically computed from acquired DWI-MR images including all b-values.
9
Multiparametric MRI Protocol for Liver Imaging
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MR imaging was performed by using a 1.5 T scanner (Magnetom Symphony, with Total Imaging Matrix Package, Siemens, Erlangen, Germany) with an 8-element body coil and a phased array coil. The MR examination consisted of images taken before IV injection of contrast medium and dynamic sequences obtained after injection of a liver-specific contrast medium (Primovist, Bayer Schering Pharma, Berlin, Germany). Our MR protocol is summarized in Table 4 . Diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) was obtained with planar echo-pulse sequence [b values 0, 50, 100, 200, 400, 600, and 800 s/mm2]. All patients received 0.1 mL/kg of Primovist (5–10 mL, mean 8 mL) by means of a power injector (Spectris Solaris® EP MR, MEDRAD Inc., Indianola, USA), at a rate of 1 mL/s. VIBE T1-weighted fat-suppressed (SPAIR) sequences were acquired in four different phases: arterial phase (35 s delay), portal venous phase (90 s), late/transitional phase (120 s) and hepatobiliary excretion phase (20 minutes).
10
Gadolinium-Enhanced Dynamic MRI Protocol
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MRI was performed using a 3.0-T MR scanner (MAGNETOM Skyro, Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany) with an 18-channel phased-array wrap-around surface coil. All patients fasted for 8 h before the scan and received breathing training. The Gd-EOB-DTPA (Primovist; Bayer Schering Pharma, Berlin, Germany) dynamic enhanced MR imaging were obtained using fat-suppressed axial T1-weighted three-dimensional volume interpolated breath-hold examination sequence. The contrast agent was automatically administered intravenously using a power injector at a dose of 25 μmol/Kg and a flow rate of 1 ml/s, followed by a 20 ml bolus of saline. For all patients, the enhanced scan of the arterial, portal venous, equilibrium phases and HBP were performed at 20–30 s, 60–70 s, 3 min, 20 min, after the injection of Gd-EOB-DTPA, respectively. The scanning parameters were as follows: TR/TE 4/2ms; NEX 0.75, slice thickness 2 mm; matrix size 352x256; field of view (FOV) 400×290 mm2; flip angle 9°.
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