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13 protocols using ab133579

1

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Protein Expression

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Immunohistochemical staining was performed to detect the expression of proteins in tissues and cells. Anti‐PSMA antibody (1:250; ab133579), anti‐CD56 antibody (1:2000; ab220360), anti‐solute carrier family 3‐member 2 (SLC3A2) antibody (1:2500; ab244356) and anti‐solute carrier family 7‐member 11 (SLC7A11) antibody (1:500; ab37185) were purchased from Abcam. The PSMA, CD56, SLC3A2, and SLC7A11 protein expression levels were assessed by IHC according to the recommended protocol [19 (link)]. Briefly, the protocol included tissue or cell fixation, serum blocking, primary antibody incubation (4°C, 12 hours), marked second antibody incubation (25°C, 30 minutes), staining, judgment of the results and imaging. The DNA dye 4',6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole (DAPI) was obtained from Molecular Probes (San Francisco, CA, USA). The secondary antibody used was Cy3‐conjugated donkey anti‐rabbit IgG (Jackson ImmunoResearch Laboratory, West Grove, PA, USA). All stained cells were examined and photographed with a Leica SP5 confocal fluorescence microscope (Wetzlar, Germany).
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2

Quantifying Prostate Cancer PSMA Expression

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A total of 42 (28 from PSMA-PET/CTpost group and 14 from PSMA-PET/CTpre group) patients underwent radical prostatectomy with resection of the seminal vesicles. PSMA was stained with an anti-PSMA rabbit monoclonal antibody (EPR6253, ab133579, Abcam, 1:500 dilution) on a Leica Bond-Max auto-stainer. The intensity of staining (weak, moderate or intense) and the percentage of positively stained cells (focal, regional, or diffuse) were graded as reported in a previous study [21 (link)]. Cases categorized as intense diffuse, intense regional, or moderate diffuse were considered as overexpressing PSMA protein.
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3

Immunohistochemical Analysis of PSMA Expression

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Different organs were harvested and imbedded in OCT and kept frozen at –80 °C. Frozen sections were cut into 10-μm-thick slices with cryostat. Different slices were fixed with z-fix for 30 min at room temperature and washed with PBS three times. 2% BSA in PBS was used to block the slices at room temperature for 1 h. Anti-PSMA antibody (Abcam ab133579, 1:150, 2% BSA in PBS) was added onto the slices and incubated at 4 °C overnight followed by PBS wash for 3 times (5 min each time). Goat-anti- rabbit secondary antibody (R&D, 1:100, 2% BSA in PBS) was added and slices were incubated for 1 h at room temperature. After washing with PBS three times, the slices were mounted with mounting solution containing DAPI. Fluorescence images were acquired by a fluorescence microscope (Olympus). Ki67, TUNEL, and H&E staining were also performed according to the kit instructions.
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4

Western Blot Analysis of Protein Expression

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Cell pellets were washed twice with cold PBS (Gibco) and then lysed in radioimmunoprecipitation assay (RIPA) buffer (Beyotime Biotechnology, Shanghai, China) supplemented with 1% phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride (PMSF; Beyotime Biotechnology) and 1% phosphatase inhibitor on ice. The protein concentration was determined using a BCA protein assay kit (Beyotime Biotechnology). Protein samples (10 μg) were separated by SDS-PAGE and transferred to PVDF membranes as previously described
[15] (link), and then incubated with anti-PSMA (1:1000 dilution; ab133579; Abcam, Cambridge, UK), anti-HIF1α (1:1000 dilution; ab51608; Abcam), and anti-GAPDH (1:2000 dilution; ab179467; Abcam) antibodies at 4°C overnight. Membranes were washed three times with TBST and incubated with the corresponding HRP-conjugated secondary antibodies (1:5000 dilution; 7076/7074; CST, Beverly, USA) at room temperature for 2 h. The membranes were washed again and then incubated with enhanced chemiluminescence reagent (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, USA) for 1 min. Finally, the protein band images were captured and analyzed.
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5

Immunohistochemical Staining of PSMA and Oligodendrocytes

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Patient tissue samples were fixed, embedded in paraffin, cleared in xylene for 20 min and then immersed for 1 min each in absolute ethanol, 95% ethanol, and 70% ethanol. Then, 100 μl hydrogen peroxide blocking solution was added and incubated at room temperature for 10 min after washing with water for 5 min. After washing with PBS 3 times, 100 μl 5% BSA was added to each section for 20 min at room temperature, and then the sections were incubated with anti-PSMA antibodies (ab133579, 1:400, Abcam, UK) and anti-oligo antibodies (ab109186, 1:200, Abcam, UK) at 4 ℃ overnight. After washing with PBS 3 times, the sections were incubated with secondary antibodies (ab205718, 1:1000, Abcam, UK) conjugated to Try-488 (Runnerbio, Shanghai, China) for 30 min. Then, the same procedure was repeated to stain the oligodendrocytes with Try-cy3 (Runnerbio, Shanghai, China).
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6

Immunohistochemical Analysis of PSMA Expression

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After the last scan, two mice/cell line xenografts were sacrificed and tumors were collected for immunohistochemical (IHC) evaluation of the PSMA expression levels as previously reported28 (link). In short, sections were taken from the center of the tumor sample and stained using Haematoxylin/Eosin, incubated with a primary PSMA antibody (1:400, 2 h, ab133579, Abcam) and counterstained using Haematoxylin (Mayer). Sections were digitally scanned with a virtual scanning microscope (Olympus BX51, Olympus Belgium SA/NV, Berchem, Belgium) at high resolution (20 × magnification).
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7

CAR-NK92MI Cell Cytokine Release Assay

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WB was performed as described previously [12 (link)]. Briefly, total cells were collected and lysed in cell lysis buffer. sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used for the separation of total proteins with varying molecular weights. The protein was then transferred to a solid‐phase membrane and detected by a specific antigen‐antibody binding reaction. Anti‐tag‐HRP‐DirecT (1:1000, PM020‐7, Medical Biological Laboratories Seoul, South Korea) and anti‐PSMA antibodies (1:50,000, ab133579, Abcam, Shanghai, China) were used for the detection of CAR‐NK92MI and PCa cells by WB analysis.
A total of 2 × 105 p‐PSMA‐CAR‐NK92MI cells were incubated with C4‐2 cells in 500 μL of MEMα. Twenty‐four hours later, the culture medium was collected for ELISA. The levels of IFN‐γ and TNF‐α secreted by CAR‐NK cells were measured with a commercial ELISA kit (Invitrogen) according to the manufacturer's protocol.
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8

Immunohistochemical Analysis of PSMA and CD34 in Tumor Samples

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Tumor samples were obtained from the PC-3 bearing mice after micro-PET imaging (n = 5). Each specimen was formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded for immuno-assaying. Tissue slices (3.0-mm thick) were dried in 74°C for 30 min and incubated with 3% H2O2 at room temperature for 10 min. Then sections were put into 0.01 M citric acid buffer for antigen retrieval and microwaved for 20 min. The tissue slices were stained with a rabbit anti-PSMA antibody (ab133579, dilution1:100, Abcam) for PSMA and rabbit anti-CD34 antibody (ab81289, dilution1:100) for CD34. They were incubated in 37°C incubator for 30 min, and then biotinylated anti-rabbit IgG was added onto tumor sections for another 30 min. The sections were also stained with DAB (diaminobezidin). Stained tissue sections were examined under a microscope.
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9

Immunohistochemical Tumor Analysis

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After the last scan, two mice/cell line xenograft were sacrificed and tumors were collected for immunohistochemical (IHC) evaluation. Sections were taken from the centre of the tumor sample and stained using Haematoxylin/Eosin, incubated with a primary PSMA antibody (1:400, 2 h, ab133579, Abcam) and counterstained using Haematoxylin (Mayer). Sections were digitally scanned with a virtual scanning microscope (Olympus BX51, Olympus Belgium SA/NV, Berchem, Belgium) at high resolution (20 × magnification).
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10

Immunoprecipitation and Western Blot Analysis

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Cells were lysed in RIPA buffer, and proteins were collected and determined by BCA protein assay kit (Beyotime Biotechnology). 40 μL protein sample with 10 μL precleared AgroseA/G Beads was incubated for 1 h at 4°C. Another 100 μL precleared AgroseA/G Beads was blocked with 10 μL BSA (50 mg/mL) for 1 at 4°C. Blocked beads were collected and resuspend with lysis buffer. The blocked beads (10 μL) were added into protein sample and incubated with 5 μL PMSA (1:10, # ab133579, Abcam), ITGB4 (1:250, # ab182120, Abcam) or rabbit non-specific IgG antibodies overnight. 1 × SDS and 5 × protein sample was added into collected beads and boiled for 10 min, then 40 μg samples were subjected to SDS-PVDF for separating. PVDF membrane was blocked with 5% skimmed milk TBST, and incubated with PSMA (1:50,000), ITGB4 (1:1,000) and GAPDH (1:5,000, # ab179467, Abcam) antibodies at 4°C overnight. Following incubated with secondary anti-mouse/ribbit IgG (HRP) (1:5,000, # 7076/7074, CST) for 1 h. Proteins were detected with enhanced chemiluminescence (Thermo Fisher Scientific) and blot images were analyzed using the ImageJ.
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