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8 protocols using p62 elisa kit

1

Epidermal Autophagy Protein Analysis

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Proteins were extracted from the epidermis for the autophagy protein analysis p62, and LC3B. Protein samples were then stored at −80 °C before analysis. P62, and LC3B protein expression were analyzed using the p62 Elisa kit (Enzo Life Science, Inc., Farmingdale, NY, USA) and mouse MAP1LC3B Elisa kit (Aviva Systems Biology Corporation, San Diego, CA, USA), respectively. Samples were then determined by a microplate reader (BioTek, Winooski, VT, USA) set to 450 nm wavelengths according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
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2

Quantifying p62 Levels in T2D Islets

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The levels of p62 were assessed in T2D islets by the p62 Elisa kit (Enzo Life Sciences, Lausen, Switzerland) following the manufacturer protocol. In brief, after 24 h exposure to rapamycin or 3-MA, the islets were collected, protein were extracted and aliquoted on a plate pre-coated with a p62 specific antibody. After having incubated the samples in presence of a second anti-p62 antibody (rabbit polyclonal), the amount of p62 was revealed by adding a secondary donkey anti-rabbit IgG antibody conjugated to horseradish peroxidase and a mix composed by TMB and hydrogen peroxide. The plate was read in a FLUOstar Omega plate reader (BMG Labtech, Ortenberg, Germany) and the amount of p62 normalized for the total amount of proteins.
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3

Cell Proliferation, Apoptosis, and Protein Quantification

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Cell proliferation was measured using CellTiter 96 Aqueous One solution assay (Promega Corporation, Madison, WI) according to the manufacturer's directions as described previously [44 (link), 47 (link)]. Cellular apoptosis was measured using APC-Annexin-V assay (BD Biosciences, San Diego, CA). Levels of p62 were measured using p62 ELISA kit according to the manufacturer's instructions (Enzo life Science, Farmingdale, NY). Immunoblot analysis and Real-Time PCR were conducted as previously described [24 , 44 (link), 47 (link)]. Primers used in real-time PCR are shown in table 2.
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4

Quantitative Analysis of Apoptotic Markers

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After appropriate treatments, floating and adherent cells (obtained from the medium and a PBS wash, or after trypsinization, respectively) were pooled and pelleted by centrifugation. Cell pellets were washed with PBS, lysed with RIPA buffer, and assayed by ELISA determinations for (i) active human Caspase-3 (CBA045, Merck Chemicals Ltd. Nottingham, UK), Beclin-1 protein expression (E98557Hu, USCN life sciences, Houston, TX, USA) and DNA damage assay (EpiQuik in situ DNA Damage Assay Kit; Epigentek, Farmingdale, NY, USA). All experiments were performed following the manufacturer’s protocols. Analyses were performed in triplicate and presented data represent mean ± standard error (SE) and consider three replicated experiments. APOSTRAND™ ELISA apoptosis detection kit (code BML-AK120-0001) and p62 ELISA kit (code ADI-900-212-0001) were purchased from Enzo Life Sciences, Inc. (Farmingdale, NY, USA). Beclin 1 ELISA (code SEJ557Hu) was purchased from 2BScientific (Heyford Park, UK). Human MAP1LC3B / LC3B ELISA Kit was purchased from LifeSpan BioSciences (Seattle, WA, USA).
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5

Quantification of Cellular p62 Levels

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After treatment, cells were resuspended in a RIPA cell lysis buffer as described in the manufacturer's protocol. p62 levels in all cell lines were determined by ELISA (p62 ELISA kit, Enzo Life Science, Vinci, Italy). The absorbance was measured at 450 nm on a microplate reader.
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6

Bioactive Substances and Hepatocyte Function

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The bioactive substances present in the culture supernatant were analyzed using the TGF-β1 ELISA kit (#KE00002, Protein Tech, Rosemont, IL, USA), IL-8 ELISA kit (#KE00006, Protein Tech), and Sonic hedgehog (SHH) ELISA kit (#ab100639, Abcam) according to the manufacturer's protocol. The samples were analyzed on day 3 or day 4 when ballooning was first observed (Fig. S2). On day 11, PHH/HSC sheets were homogenized, and protein lysates were prepared. Lysates were analyzed using the p62 ELISA kit (#ADI-900-212, ENZO New York, NY, USA), and protein carbonyl ELISA kit (#STA-310, CELL BIOLABS, San Diego, CA, USA) according to the manufacturer's protocol. The BCA protein assay kit (#T9300A, Takara Bio) was used to determine the protein concentration in the lysates. The Human Albumin ELISA kit (#E88-129, Bethyl Laboratories, Inc., Waltham, MA, USA) and Urea assay kit (#DIUR-100, BioAssay Systems, Hayward, CA, USA) were used to assess hepatocyte function. The samples were analyzed on days 0, 1, 5, and 10.
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7

Quantification of p62 Levels

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The levels of p62 were assessed in cells by the p62 Elisa kit (Enzo Life Sciences, Lausen, Switzerland) according to the manufacturer’s protocol. Briefly, after 48 h exposure to iron nanoparticles and rapamycin 0.5 µmol L−1 (as positive control), cells were collected and protein were extracted and seeded on a pre-coated plate with p62 antibody. After incubating samples in presence of a second anti-p62 antibody (rabbit polyclonal), the amount of p62 was revealed by adding a secondary donkey anti-rabbit IgG antibody conjugated to horseradish peroxidase and a mix composed by TMB and hydrogen peroxide. The plate was read in a microplate reader (Biotek, Winooski, VT, USA) and the amount of p62 normalized for the total protein amount.
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8

Isolation and Quantification of HSPA1A and p62

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Blood was collected from a peripheral vein preoperatively into a sterile heparin-containing tube and sent to the laboratory for analysis. The isolation of PBMCs was performed by Ficoll-Hypaque gradient centrifugation. The PBMC fraction was gently removed and resuspended in Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) 1640 medium for two cycles of centrifugation and resuspension. The nal suspension was adjusted to a concentration of 5x10 6 cells/ml. The PBMCs were centrifuged again and 130 µl of a cell lysate buffer (1% Triton X 100, 1% sodium deoxycholate, 0.1% sodium dodecyl sulfate, 20 mg/mL deoxyribonuclease, 100 mmol/L protease inhibitor cocktail (Sigma, St Louis, Missouri) in 50 mmol/L Tris-HCl, pH 7.4, 150 mmol/L NaCl, 1 mmol/L EDTA, and 1 mmol/L ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid) was added to the pellets. The mixture was incubated for 30 min and the lysed PBMCs were centrifuged at 11000 rpm for 10 min. The supernatant was collected and concentrations of HSPA1A and p62 were quantitated using commercial ELISA kits (HSPA1A ELISA kit from R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, p62 ELISA kit from Enzo Life Sciences, Farmingdale, New York). The lower limit of detection was 156 pg/ml for HSPA1A and 100 pg/ml for p62. Values were converted to ng/ml by comparison to a standard curve generated in parallel to each assay.
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