Dt12xyz

We designed and constructed a manipulator arm to temporarily displace thoracic organs during implantation (Supplementary Fig. 5a, b). To construct the arm, we first 3D printed a mold that allowed us to glue a dissection pin (26002-10, Fine Science Tools, Germany) to the tip of a syringe needle (15391557, Fisher Scientific, USA) in a reproducible manner (Supplementary Fig. 5c). The pin is inserted into the needle until its tip touches the end of the mold. We glued the pin to the needle using a UV-curable adhesive (Bondic, Aurora, ON Canada). The arm was then bent using forceps and guided by a second 3D printed mold (Supplementary Fig. 5d). The pin was first bent coarsely and then adjusted more finely using the 3D printed mold. Another 3D printed piece was then used to connect the syringe needle to a 3-axis micromanipulator (DT12XYZ, ThorLabs, USA) and to an extension stage (Supplementary Fig. 5a). The whole structure was then attached to a breadboard (MB1224, ThorLabs, USA) (Supplementary Fig. 5b).

The optical setup for writing the aligning direction on photoalignment layers comprises a UV light‐emitting diode (365 nm), an SLM (SM7‐405, Sicube Photonics Co., Ltd.), and a motorized rotational stage (K10CR1/M, Thorlabs) furnished with a UV polarizer (LPUV‐100‐MP2, Thorlabs). The SLM is a digital micromirror device that has a wide extended graphics array (WXGA, 1280 × 800 pixels). The polarizer works synchronously with the SLM. Target substrates were mounted on a three‐axis translation stage (DT12XYZ, Thorlabs) to align with the optical setup. A rail (RLA600/M, Thorlabs) and rail carriers (RC4, Thorlabs) were used to adjust the distance between substrates and the optical setup. The intensity of UV light at substrates was controlled to be 2.2 mW cm^–2. It was measured using a power meter (PM100USB, Thorlabs). The maximum dispersion of the light intensity across the center to the boundary was controlled to be below 7%.

The PDMS HIO holder was placed on top of a glass cover slide, which was then placed into a larger 3D-printed platform. This platform had a micromanipulator (DT12XYZ, ThorLabs, Newton, NJ, USA) attached to it and was used for the positioning of the glass capillary in the x, y, and z directions. A 3D-printed fixture to hold a double-barrel glass capillary was attached to the micromanipulator (Figure 1B). The 3D-printed platform of the system provided a stationary base to maintain the relative position between the HIO holder and the double-barrel capillary attached to the micromanipulator. This facilitated the process of aligning the tip of the double-barrel capillary with the HIO and the subsequent piercing of the HIO to gain luminal access of the HIO.