Human bio plex pro

The serum samples were used to measure the levels of the following 31 cytokines using Human Bio-Plex Pro (BioRad Laboratories, Hercules, USA) and LUMINEX 200 (Luminex, Austin, USA) according to the manufacturers' instructions: interferon (IFN)-γ; IL-1Ra, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-18, IL-25, IL-33, CCL2/monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1; CCL3/MIP-1α; CCL4/MIP-1β; CCL5/regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES); CCL11/eotaxin; CCL17/thymus- and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC); CXCL8/IL-8; CXCL10/IFN-inducible protein (IP)-10; chitinase-3-like protein 1 (CHI3-L1); leptin; matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-8, and MMP-12; platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB); periostin; ST2/IL-33R; transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, tissue inhibitor matrix metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α.

Serum samples were assayed for 10 cytokines [IL-4, -5, -9, -12; CXCL10/interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP-10), CCL11/eotaxin, interferon (IFN)-γ, CCL4/MIP-1β, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)] by using Human Bio-Plex Pro (BioRad Laboratories, Hercules, USA) and LUMINEX 200 (Luminex, Austin, USA) according to the manufacturers' instructions. IL-33 (assay range: 6.3-400 pg/mL), thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) (assay range: 31.2-2,000 pg/mL) and chitinase 3-like 1 (CHI3 L1) (assay range: 62.5-4,000 pg/mL) were measured using ELISA kits from R&D Systems, and periostin (assay range: 20-2,000 pg/mL) was measured using an ELISA kit from Shino-Test (Tokyo, Japan), each according to the manufacturer's instructions.