Changes in intracellular Ca2+ were monitored using a flow cytometer LSRI analyzer (BD Biosciences). Cells were stained with Calcium Sensor Dye eFluor514 (eBiosciences) according to manufacturer’s instructions and illuminated with 325 nm laser line of a helium-cadmium laser. Fluorescence emissions from 390 to 420 nm and from 500 to 520 nm were detected simultaneously, and changes in the ratio of the two emission intensities were analyzed.
Residual content of individual Expamers components on T cell surfaces was measured using flow cytometric detection after 8 days of culture. For Fab fragment detection, T cells were stained with fluorescent Strep-Tactin PE (IBA Lifesciences) that should be able to bind to the Strep-tag of remaining Fabs. For detection of Strep-Tactin multimer backbone DyLight488 anti-streptavidin antibody (Vector Laboratories) was used.