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18 protocols using alpha t ft ir spectrometer

1

Synthesis of Chromeno[2,3-b]pyridine Derivatives

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Solvents were purchased from commercial suppliers and used as received, without purification. The synthesis of 5-(2-Hydroxy-6-oxocyclohexyl)-5H-chromeno[2,3-b]pyridine-3-carbonitriles 1 was performed in accordance with the following methods [54 (link),55 (link)].
Using Gallenkamp melting-point apparatus (Gallenkamp & Co., Ltd., London, UK), melting points were measured. At room temperature, 1H and 13C-NMR spectra were obtained in DMSO-d6 with a Bruker AM300 spectrometer (Bruker Corporation, Billerica, MA, USA). The values for chemical shift are given in relation to Me4Si. A Bruker AV500 spectrometer (Bruker Corporation, Billerica, MA, USA) was used to record two-dimensional (2D) NMR spectra. A Bruker AV400 spectrometer (Bruker Corporation, Billerica, MA, USA) was used to register the 1H-NMR monitoring spectra. IR spectra were determined with a Bruker ALPHA-T FT-IR spectrometer (Bruker Corporation, Billerica, MA, USA) in KBr pellets. With a Kratos MS-30 spectrometer (Kratos Analytical Ltd., Manchester, UK), mass spectra (EI = 70 eV) were acquired. For elemental analysis, a 2400 Elemental Analyzer (Perkin Elmer Inc., Waltham, MA, USA) was applied.
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2

Synthesis of 2-Aminoprop-1-ene-1,1,3-tricarbonitrile

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The solvents and reagents were purchased from commercial sources and used as received. 2-Aminoprop-1-ene-1,1,3-tricarbonitrile (malononitrile dimer) 2 was synthesized from malononitrile according to the literature [46 (link)].
All melting points were measured with a Gallenkamp melting-point apparatus (Gallenkamp & Co., Ltd., London, UK) and were uncorrected. 1H and 13C-NMR spectra were recorded in DMSO-d6 with Bruker AM300 and Bruker AV500 spectrometers (Bruker Corporation, Billerica, MA, USA) at ambient temperature. Chemical shift values are relative to Me4Si. Some 1H-NMR spectra have underestimated NH2 signals integrals. These protons were exchanged with D2O (it is present as an impurity in DMSO-d6). Two-dimensional (2D) NMR spectra were registered with a Bruker AV400 spectrometer (Bruker Corporation, Billerica, MA, USA) at ambient temperature. The IR spectrum was recorded with a Bruker ALPHA-T FT-IR spectrometer (Bruker Corporation, Billerica, MA, USA) in a KBr pellet. MS spectra (EI = 70 eV) were obtained directly with a Kratos MS-30 spectrometer (Kratos Analytical Ltd., Manchester, UK). High-resolution mass spectra (HRMS) were measured on a Bruker micrOTOF II (Bruker Corporation, Billerica, MA, USA) instrument using electrospray ionization (ESI).
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3

Synthesis and Characterization of 2-Aminoprop-1-ene-1,1,3-tricarbonitrile

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The solvents and reagents were purchased from commercial sources and used as received. 2-Aminoprop-1-ene-1,1,3-tricarbonitrile 2 was obtained from malononitrile according to the literature [24 (link)].
All melting points were measured with a Gallenkamp melting-point apparatus (Gallenkamp & Co., Ltd, London, UK) and were uncorrected. 1H and 13C-NMR spectra were recorded in DMSO-d6 with Bruker AM300, Bruker AV500, and Bruker AV600 spectrometers (Bruker Corporation, Billerica, MA, USA) at ambient temperature. Chemical shift values are relative to Me4Si. Two-dimensional (2D) NMR spectra were registered with a Bruker AV500 spectrometer. 1H NMR monitoring spectra were registered with a Bruker AM300 spectrometer (Bruker Corporation, Billerica, MA, USA). The IR spectrum was recorded with a Bruker ALPHA-T FT-IR spectrometer (Bruker Corporation, Billerica, MA, USA) in a KBr pellet. MS spectra (EI = 70 eV) were obtained directly with a Kratos MS-30 spectrometer (Kratos Analytical Ltd, Manchester, UK). High-resolution mass spectra (HRMS) were measured on a Bruker micrOTOF II (Bruker Corporation, Billerica, MA, USA) instrument using electrospray ionization (ESI).
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4

Infrared Analysis of PLA Samples

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Infrared spectroscopy is based on the principle of absorption of electromagnetic radiation of the infrared spectrum by molecules, resulting in molecular vibrations.
The absorption energies can therefore be associated with certain vibrational modes of the chemical bonds. Each molecule has a specific absorption depending on the atomic bonds. This makes it to a common analysis technique for obtaining chemical information of the surface of a material.
The infrared analysis of the PLA samples is performed on a Bruker Alpha-T FTIR Spectrometer. It is coupled with an Attenuated Total Reflection (ATR) accessory. The internal reflection element is a diamond crystal and by pressing the sample onto the ATR crystal, the ATR enables a simple procedure to obtain IR spectra.
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5

Characterization of Bis-QACs by NMR and HPLC

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1H and 13C NMR spectra were recorded on a Bruker AM300 (300 MHz for 1H, 75 MHz for 13C) and Bruker DRX500 (500 MHz for 1H, 125 MHz for 13C) spectrometers at ambient temperature in DMSO-d6 and CDCl3. Chemical shifts are reported relative to residual solvent peaks and coupling constants (J) are given in hertz. Bis-QACs purities were confirmed by HPLC on a Stayer 0892 series HPLC system with Luna® 5 μm C18 100 Å, LC column 250 × 4.6 mm. Mobile phase: 85 : 15 MeCN/H2O (0.25 M NaClO4, 0.1% H3PO4). All melting points were determined on a Gallenkamp melting point apparatus in open capillaries and are uncorrected. Mass spectra were recorded on a Finnigan MAT INCOS 50 mass-spectrometer. IR spectra were recorded with a Bruker ALPHA-T FT-IR spectrometer in KBr pellets.
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6

NMR, IR, and Elemental Analysis Protocols

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1H NMR spectra were recorded in CD3OD or CDCl3 on the following spectrometers: Varian Gemini 2000BB (200 MHz) and Bruker Avance III (600 MHz) with TMS as internal standard. 13C NMR spectra were recorder for CD3OD or CDCl3 solutions on the Bruker Avance III at 151.0 MHz. 31P NMR spectra were performed on the Varian Gemini 2000BB at 81.0 MHz or on Bruker Avance III at 243.0 MHz. IR spectral data were measured on a Bruker Alpha-T FT-IR spectrometer. Melting points were determined on a Boetius apparatus. Elemental analyses were performed by the Microanalytical Laboratory of this Faculty on a Perkin Elmer PE 2400 CHNS analyzer and their results were found to be in good agreement (± 0.3%) with the calculated values.
The following absorbents were used: column chromatography, Merck silica gel 60 (70–230 mesh); analytical TLC, Merck TLC plastic sheets silica gel 60 F254. TLC plates were developed in chloroform–methanol solvent systems. Visualization of spots was effected with iodine vapors. All solvents were purified by methods described in the literature.
Diethyl 1,2-epoxyethane- and 2,3-epoxypropanephosphonates 14 [36 ] and 15 [15 (link)] as well as the protected aldehyde 16 [20 ] and diethyl 3-amino-2-hydroxypropanephosphonate 12 [18 (link)] were prepared according to the literature procedures.
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7

Spectroscopic Characterization of Organic Compounds

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General information: The 1H NMR spectra were taken in CDCl3 or CD3OD using a Bruker Avance III (600 MHz); the chemical shifts δ were given in ppm, with respect to the TMS and coupling constant J in Hz. The 13C NMR spectra were recorded in a 1H-decoupled mode for CDCl3 or CD3OD solutions using the Bruker Avance III (600 MHz) spectrometer, at 151 MHz. The IR spectral data were measured on a Bruker Alpha-T FT-IR spectrometer. The melting points were determined via a Boetius apparatus, and were left uncorrected. The elemental analyses were performed at the Microanalytical Laboratory of the Faculty of Pharmacy (Medical University of Lodz) on a Perkin Elmer PE 2400 CHNS analyzer, and their results were found to be in good agreement (±0.3%) with the theoretical values.
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8

Characterization of Organic Compounds by Spectroscopic Methods

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All solvents (analytical grade and spectroscopic grade) were obtained from Finar (India) and Spectrochem (India) and the solvents were purified using standard literature methods. Deuterated solvents for NMR were bought from Sigma-Aldrich (India) and used as received. All metal salts and other chemicals were obtained from Alfa-Aesar (India), Spectrochem (India) and Merck (India). Melting points were measured using a BUCHI M-500 instrument. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra were recorded on a BRUKER ALPHA-T FT-IR spectrometer using KBr pellets. A PerkinElmer model Lambda 650 UV-vis spectrophotometer was used for recording the absorption spectra. Emission spectra were recorded on a Fluoromax 4P Spectro-fluorometer (Horiba-Jobin-Mayer, Edison, NJ, USA). The bioimaging experiments were carried out using a Leica TCS SP5 confocal microscope and the fluorescence lifetime was measured using a time-correlated single-photon counting (TCSPC) spectrometer (Edinburgh, OB920) instrument. 1H and 13C NMR spectra were recorded on a Bruker AVANCE 400 NMR spectrometer. A Bruker microTOF-Q II mass spectrometer was used for electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) analysis of the compounds. X-ray data were collected using a Rigaku Oxford diffractometer with graphite-monochromated Cu-Kα (λ = 1.54178 Å) radiation at 110(2) K.
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9

Characterization of Organic Compounds

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1H NMR spectra were recorded in CD3OD, CDCl3, or DMSO-d6 on the following spectrometers: Varian Gemini 2000BB (200 MHz) and Bruker Avance III (600 MHz) with TMS as internal standard. 13C NMR spectra were recorder for CD3OD, CDCl3, or DMSO-d6 solution on the Bruker Avance III at 151.0 MHz. 31P NMR spectra were performed on the Varian Gemini 2000BB at 81.0 MHz or on Bruker Avance III at 243.0 MHz. IR spectral data were measured on a Bruker Alpha-T FT-IR spectrometer. Melting points were determined on a Boetius apparatus. Elemental analyses were performed by Microanalytical Laboratory of this Faculty on Perkin Elmer PE 2400 CHNS analyzer and their results were found to be in good agreement (±0.3%) with the calculated values.
The following absorbents were used: column chromatography, Merck silica gel 60 (70–230 mesh); analytical TLC, Merck TLC plastic sheets silica gel 60 F254. TLC plates were developed in chloroform–methanol solvent systems. Visualization of spots was effected with iodine vapors. All solvents were purified by methods described in the literature.
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10

IR Spectroscopy in KBr Pellets

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IR spectra were recorded with a Bruker ALPHA-T FT-IR spectrometer (Bruker Corporation, Bremen, Germany) in KBr pellets.
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