Cucl2

For the preparation of the DMHM-Cu^II (D-Cu) coatings, the DMHM was first dissolved in the ethanol with a 4 mg/mL concentration. Then, 10 µg/mL CuCl₂ (Macklin reagent, China) was added to the DMHM solution. The mirror-polished 316L SS foils (Wenhou Metal Co., Ltd., Hefei, China) were cleaned by acetone, ethanol, and DI water, followed by thoroughly drying them in air. Then, the D-Cu coated samples were immersed in the phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.4, Thermo Fisher, Suzhou, China) with 1 µg/mL PDGF for 12 h at 37 °C to obtain the final PDGF immobilized samples (D-Cu-P). Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX, Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan) was used to image and quantify the Cu element distribution and content [21 (link),22 (link)]. The optical contact angle measuring and contour analysis systems (DataPhysics Instruments, Filderstadt, Germany) were used to evaluate the water contact angle (WCA) of the samples with 10 µL deionized (DI) water [21 (link)]. The release kinetics of the PDGF were analyzed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit for PDGF, following the manufactory’s protocol [23 (link)].

We obtained our hTERT-HPNE cells from the BeNa Culture Collection (Henan, China), and they were from a human pancreatic ductal epithelial cell line. The PANC-1 and SW1990 cell lines were acquired from the Experimental Medicine Center at Southwest Medical University, both of which are specific to the study of human pancreatic cancer (Luzhou, China). The hTERT-HPNE cells were grown in a humidified 5% CO₂ environment in RPMI media supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS). Both the PANC-1 and SW1990 cells were grown in a 5% CO2 and 37 °C incubator in DMEM containing 10% FBS. In agreement with the published literature [9 (link)], a 2 h pulse treatment with elesclomol-2-CuCl₂ (100 nM elesclomol + 1 M CuCl₂) caused cuprotosis in PANC-1 and SW1990 cells. After 24 h, total RNA was extracted using TRIzol reagent (TIANGEN, Beijing, China). Before and after the drug treatment, qPCR was used to identify changes in cuprotosis-related lncRNA expression in the hTERT-HPNE, PANC-1, and SW1990 cells. Elesclomol was purchased from Solarbio(Solarbio, Beijing, China). CuCl₂ was purchased from Macklin Inc (Macklin, Shanghai, China). Unless otherwise stated, all reagents were obtained from Gibco (Gibco, Grand Island, NY, USA). The qPCR test primer sequences are listed in Supplementary Table S1.

CsCl (99.9%) and Sb₂O₃ (99.99%) were purchased from Aladdin, MnCl₂ (99%) were purchased from HEOWNS, CuCl₂ (98%) was purchased from Macklin, HCl (37 wt.% in water) and Ethanol (>99.7%) were purchased from Chongqing Wansheng East Sichuan Chemical Co. LTD. All the chemicals were used without further purification.