Pyromellitic dianhydride

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in United States

Pyromellitic dianhydride is a chemical compound used as an intermediate in the production of various materials, such as polyimides and some types of epoxy resins. It is a colorless crystalline solid with a characteristic odor. Pyromellitic dianhydride is utilized in various industrial and research applications, but a detailed description of its core function is not available while maintaining an unbiased and factual approach.

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Lab products found in correlation

20 protocols using pyromellitic dianhydride

Carbonized Polyimide Nanofiber Web Substrate

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Example 10

Poly(amic acid) (PAA) precursors for spinning were prepared by copolymerizing of pyromellitic dianhydride (Aldrich) and 4,4′-oxydianiline (Aldrich) in a mixed solvent of tetrahydrofurane/methanol (THF/MeOH, 8/2 by weight). The PAA solution was spun into fiber web using an electrostatic spinning apparatus. The apparatus consisted of a 15 kV DC power supply equipped with the positively charged capillary from which the polymer solution was extruded, and a negatively charged drum for collecting the fibers. Solvent removal and imidization from PAA were performed concurrently by stepwise heat treatments under air flow at 40° C. for 12 h, 100° C. for 1 h, 250° C. for 2 h, and 350° C. for 1 h. The thermally cured polyimide (PI) web samples were carbonized at 1,000° C. to obtain carbonized nanofibers with an average fibril diameter of 67 nm. Such a web can be used as a conductive substrate for an anode active material. We observe that the implementation of a network of conductive nanofilaments at the anode of a Li—Se cell can effectively suppress the initiation and growth of lithium dendrites that otherwise could lead to internal shorting.

US10629955B2. Selenium preloaded cathode for alkali metal-selenium secondary battery and production process (2020-04-21). Nanotek Instruments, Inc. [US]. Inventors: Hui He [US], Aruna Zhamu [US], Bor Z. Jang [US].

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Polyimide Nanofiber Substrate for Lithium-Sulfur Cells

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Example 8

Poly (amic acid) (PAA) precursors for spinning were prepared by copolymerizing of pyromellitic dianhydride (Aldrich) and 4,4′-oxydianiline (Aldrich) in a mixed solvent of tetrahydrofurane/methanol (THF/MeOH, 8/2 by weight). The PAA solution was spun into fiber web using an electrostatic spinning apparatus. The apparatus consisted of a 15 kV d.c. power supply equipped with the positively charged capillary from which the polymer solution was extruded, and a negatively charged drum for collecting the fibers. Solvent removal and imidization from PAA were performed concurrently by stepwise heat treatments under air flow at 40° C. for 12 h, 100° C. for 1 h, 250° C. for 2 h, and 350° C. for 1 h. The thermally cured polyimide (PI) web samples were carbonized at 1,000° C. to obtain carbonized nano-fibers with an average fibril diameter of 67 nm. Such a web can be used as a conductive substrate for an anode active material. We observe that the implementation of a network of conductive nano-filaments at the anode of a Li—S or room temperature Na—S cell can effectively suppress the initiation and growth of lithium or sodium dendrites that otherwise could lead to internal shorting.

US10158121B2. Flexible and shape-conformal cable-shape alkali metal-sulfur batteries (2018-12-18). Nanotek Instruments, Inc. [US]. Inventors: Aruna Zhamu [US], Hui He [US], Baofei Pan [US], Yu-Sheng Su [US], Bor Z Jang [US].

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Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Polyimides

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Pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA), 3,3′,4,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride (BPDA), benzophenone-3,3′,4,4′-tetracarboxylic dianhydride (BTDA), 4,4′-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphthalic anhydride (6FDA), and 4,4′-oxydianiline (ODA) were purchased from Merck (Seoul, Korea) and were used as received. Additionally, 1,2,4,5-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic dianhydride (HPMDA) was purchased from Samsung Lab (Seoul, Korea) and 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) (Daejung Chemicals & Metals, Gyeonggi-do, Korea) was distilled in reduced pressure and kept under nitrogen until use. A Magic Chef MW oven (MEM-25S, GKA International Inc., Gyeonggi-do, Korea) was used for MW irradiation. The oven operated at a frequency of 2.45 GHz with a fixed power output of 80, 240, 400, or 640 W. Thermal treatments were conducted with a vacuum oven (Jeio Tech OV-01, Jeio Tech Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea).

Choi J.Y., Jin S.W., Kim D.M., Song I.H., Nam K.N., Park H.J, & Chung C.M. (2019). Enhancement of the Mechanical Properties of Polyimide Film by Microwave Irradiation. Polymers, 11(3), 477.

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Synthesis of Organic Acid Compounds

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Citric acid monohydrate (Roth, Karlsruhe, Germany, ≥99.5%), fumaric acid (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany, >98%), itaconic acid (Merck, ≥99%) linseed oil epoxy (ELO, EPOL-L Traditem, Hilden, Germany), maleic acid (TCl, Zwijndrecht, Belgium, >99%), malic acid (Merck, ≥98%), methyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride (TCl, >80%), oxalic acid dihydrate (VWR, Darmstadt, Germany, ≥99%), pyromellitic dianhydride (TCl, >99%), succinic acid (Merck, ≥99%) and tartaric acid (Aldrich, Steinheim, Germany, ≥99.5%) were used as received.

Thiele K., Eversmann N., Krombholz A, & Pufky-Heinrich D. (2019). Bio-Based Epoxy Resins Based on Linseed Oil Cured with Naturally Occurring Acids. Polymers, 11(9), 1409.

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Polyimide Composite with Boron Nitride

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The commercial-grade polymer film used in
this study was a polyimide (PI) film with an average nominal thickness
of ∼0.12 mm. In addition, other polyimide thin films were synthesized
using pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA), 4,4′diaminodiphenyl
ether (4,4′-ODA), and anhydrous dimethylacetamide (DMAc), which
were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. The chemicals were used without
further purification. Exfoliated boron nitride nanosheets (BNNS) were
purchased from the University of Toledo and were used as the thermally
conductive, dielectric filler. The original source of the hexagonal
BN platelets was Momentive PolarTherm PT110 BN powder, which had a
mean particle size of 45 μm. After the exfoliation procedure,
the thickness of the BNNS was between ∼100 and 800 nm.^{20 (link)} SEM images of the exfoliated BNNS can be found
in the Supporting Information.

Williams T.S., Hammoud A, & Kelly M. (2020). Application of Dielectric Thermal Analysis to Screen Electrical Insulation Candidates for High-Voltage Electric Machines. ACS Omega, 5(32), 20004-20013.

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Synthesis and Characterization of βCD Derivatives

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β-cyclodextrin (βCD) was provided by Roquette Freres (Lestrem, France) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), N, N-dimethyl formamide (DMF), triethylamine, pyromellitic dianhydride, carbonyl diimidazole, 1,4 butanediol diglycidyl ether, isethionic acid, citric acid, sodium citrate, sodium hydroxide (NaOH), hydrochloric acid (HCl), oxalic acid, and sodium hypophosphite monohydrate were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Darmstadt, Germany). Levulinic acid was purchased from Acros Organics (Geel, Belgium). βCD was dried in an oven at 75 °C up to constant weight before use.

Francese R., Cecone C., Costantino M., Hoti G., Bracco P., Lembo D, & Trotta F. (2022). Identification of a βCD-Based Hyper-Branched Negatively Charged Polymer as HSV-2 and RSV Inhibitor. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(15), 8701.

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Nanographene-Montmorillonite Composite Synthesis

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Nanographene sheets of 98.48% purity were purchased from Angstron Materials, Dayton, OH, USA. The graphene sheets were 70–100 nm thick, with a lateral dimension of 2–7 µm. Montmorillonite organomodified Cloisite 30B clay of 100–200 nm thickness and 2–13 µm length was purchased from Southern Clay Products, Inc., Gonzales, TX, USA. Ammonium ion (III) was used in the Cloisite 30B, as the exchange cation is methyl, octadecyl, and bis-2-hydroxyethyl ammonium ion. 4,4-oxydianiline (ODA-98% purity), pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA-99% purity) and N-methyl-pyrrolidone (NMP-99% purity) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA.

Akinyi C, & Iroh J.O. (2023). Thermal Decomposition and Stability of Hybrid Graphene–Clay/Polyimide Nanocomposites. Polymers, 15(2), 299.

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Tunable Superhydrophobic Polymer Coatings

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Hexamethylene diisocyanate
(HDI), polycaprolactone diol (PCL-OH, Mn ∼ 2000 g mol^–1), pyromellitic dianhydride (PMD), dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTDL),
ethanolamine, zirconium oxychloride octahydrate (ZrCl₂·8H₂O), 2-aminoterepthalic acid (ATPA), octanoic acid, sodium
hydroxide, acetic acid, trichloro(octadecyl)silane (OTS), dimethyl
formamide (DMF), chloroform, acetone, toluene, isopropanol, hexane,
and silicone oil (20, 100, 500, and 1000 cSt) were purchased from
Sigma-Aldrich. 1,5-Diisocyanatonaphthalene (NDI) was purchased from
Tokyo Chemical Industry UK Ltd. All the chemicals were used without
further purification. Commercial NeverWet coating components, used
as a control for comparison, were obtained from the Rust-Oleum.

Zhang J., Singh V., Huang W., Mandal P, & Tiwari M.K. (2023). Self-Healing, Robust, Liquid-Repellent Coatings Exploiting the Donor–Acceptor Self-Assembly. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 15(6), 8699-8708.

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Thermal-Stable Polymer Dielectrics for High-Power Electronics

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Unless otherwise noted, commercially available reagents were used without further purification. The BOPP and the heat-resistant polymer dielectrics polyetherimide (PEI, T_g ≈ 217 °C), fluorene polyester (FPE, T_g ≈ 320 °C) and polyethersulfone (PES, T_g ≈ 218 °C) were provided by PolyK technologies. The BOPP is capacitor grade film with the thickness of 4.8 μm. The polyimide (PI, T_g ≈ 360 °C) was synthesized from the raw materials pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) and 4,4′-oxydianiline (ODA), both of which were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.
The three kinds of molecular semiconductors ITIC (2,2′-[[6,6,12,12-Tetrakis(4-hexylphenyl)-6,12-dihydrodithieno[2,3-d:2′,3′-d′]-s-indaceno[1,2-b:5,6-b′]dithiophene-2,8-diyl]bis[methylidyne(3-oxo-1H-indene-2,1(3H)-diylidene)]]bis[propanedinitrile]), PCBM ([6,6]-Phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester), DPDI (2,2′,9,9′-Tetrakis(1-pentylhexyl)-[5,5′-bianthra[2,1,9-def:6,5,10-d′e′f′]diisoquinoline]-1,1′,3,3′,8,8′,10,10′(2H,2′H,9H,9′H)-octone) were all purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.
The chemical structures of the dielectric polymers and the molecular semiconductors are shown in Supplementary Fig. 29.

Yuan C., Zhou Y., Zhu Y., Liang J., Wang S., Peng S., Li Y., Cheng S., Yang M., Hu J., Zhang B., Zeng R., He J, & Li Q. (2020). Polymer/molecular semiconductor all-organic composites for high-temperature dielectric energy storage. Nature Communications, 11, 3919.

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Mechanical Recycling of PET with Additives

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Mechanically recycled PET (rPET) pellets were acquired from Cougle’s Recycling Inc., Pennsylvania, USA, through the Recycling Markets Center at Penn State Harrisburg. The data sheet provided by the rPET pellets’ supplier listed the following properties of the rPET pellets: intrinsic viscosity of 0.8 ± 0.02 dl/g, a melting point of 247 ± 2 °C, moisture content of a max of 0.1 wt%, a weight of 100 pcs (pellets) is 1.6 ± 0.2 g, and fine particles of a max of 100 ppm. The following four additives were obtained for compounding with rPET pellets: (1) Pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA), a chain extender (Sigma Aldrich), (2) Styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene terpolymer functionalized with maleic anhydride (SEBS-g-MA), a thermal modifier and toughening agent (FG1901X, KRATON Polymers), (3) Ethylene-ethyl acrylate-glycidyl methacrylate terpolymer (E-EA-GMA), a functional reactive elastomeric impact modifier (Lotader AX 8900, Palmer Holland), and (4) Ethylene- ethyl- acrylate (EEA), a non-reactive elastomeric impact modifier (Sigma Aldrich). All additives were used as purchased without modification.

Rashwan O., Koroneos Z., Townsend T.G., Caputo M.P., Bylone RJ J.r., Wodrig B, & Cantor K. (2023). Extrusion and characterization of recycled polyethylene terephthalate (rPET) filaments compounded with chain extender and impact modifiers for material-extrusion additive manufacturing. Scientific Reports, 13, 16041.

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