Empyrean series 2 x ray diffractometer

The morphology and elemental composition of the samples were studied using a MIRA 3 LMH (Tescan, Brno, Czech Republic) scanning electron microscope (SEM) with an Aztec Energy Standard/X-max 20 (standard) system for determining the elemental composition by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX).The average hydrodynamic radius of silver nanoparticles was measured by photon-correlation spectroscopy (PCS) using a Photocor complex device (Photocor, Moscow, Russia).The phase composition of the samples was investigated by X-ray diffraction analysis on an Empyrean series 2 X-ray diffractometer (PANalytical, Almedo, The Netherlands). Particle size in the samples was measured by the electroacoustic spectroscopy method using a DT-1202 analyzer (Dispersion Technology Inc., New York, NY, USA) [17 (link)]. The particle size distribution of the CeO₂-Ag samples was measured by LDA on a Shimadzu SALD-7500 nano-laser particle size analyzer (Shimadzu Corp., Kyoto, Japan).

Diffractograms of specimens were collected on a PANalytical Empyrean Series 2 X-Ray Diffractometer (Westborough, MA, USA) equipped with a Cu Kα X-ray source. The angular range ( $\theta$ ) from 8° to 36° was recorded with a step-width of 0.007° and a scan speed of 0.164° per second. Measurements were carried out on a 20-mg porous HPMC film with 50 printed 0.5-µL suspension droplets (calculated griseofulvin content 4.51 mg). Comparison was made with XRD patterns of a porous HPMC film (20 mg) without the suspension and as-received griseofulvin powder (4.5 mg). The data were analyzed using the griseofulvin XRD pattern stored in the instrument library (Reference code: 00-040-1937).

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed on a NovaNanoSEM 450 scanning electron microscope. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of Au_nano were obtained with a PANalytical Empyrean Series 2 X-ray diffractometer in the 2θ range from 30° to 90°. The electrochemical measurements and analyses, such as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), CV and SWASV, were carried out using a CHI660D electrochemical workstation (Shanghai CH Instruments, Shanghai, China). A Pt wire electrode, Ag/AgCl electrode and GCE (ø3 mm) were used as the counter, reference and working electrodes, respectively, to construct a three-electrode system. A 25 mL beaker was used as the electrolytic cell for all electrochemical measurements. A magnetic stirrer was used to stir the test solution during the deposition step.