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10 protocols using nano zs 90 nanosizer

1

Nanoparticle Characterization by TEM, SEM, and Spectroscopy

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The morphology was observed on a transmission electron microscope (TEM) (JEOL, Ltd., Japan) and a scanning electron microscope (SEM) (FESEM, S4800, Hitachi Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan). The fluorescence spectroscopy was recorded applying the Shimadzu RF-5301 PC spectrophotometer. The size distribution and Zeta potential was determined with a Nano-ZS 90 Nanosizer (Malvern Instruments Ltd., Worcestershire, United Kingdom).
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Nanoparticle Characterization by Advanced Techniques

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The morphologies of the NPs were characterized using a JEM-2100F transmission electron microscope (JEOL, Ltd., Japan) and a scanning electron microscope (SEM, FEI quanta 200F). Fluorescence spectroscopy was performed using a Shimadzu RF-5301 PC spectrophotometer. NMR spectra were obtained on an AVANCEIII500 (500 MHz) from Bruker. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra were collected with a Nicolet AVATAR 360 FTIR instrument. The size distribution and zeta potential of the NPs in cell culture media (DMEM containing 10% FBS) were characterized using a Nano-ZS 90 Nanosizer (Malvern Instruments Ltd., Worcestershire, UK).
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3

Curcumin-Paclitaxel Nanoparticle Production

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The PC NDs were prepared using a reprecipitation method. First, Cur and PTX were dissolved in ethyl alcohol to provide solutions with concentrations of 2 mg/ml. Next, 0.4 ml of the PTX solution and 0.1 ml of the Cur solution were quickly added to 4.5 ml of deionized water, vortexed for 1 min and allowed to stand for 15 min to produce PC NDs. Finally, PC NDs were purified via ultrafiltration and collected via lyophilization, which provided a 4:1 weight ratio (PTX to Cur) after quantified by UV-vis method.
The morphology of PC NDs was inspected by a transmission electron microscope (JEOL, Ltd., Japan) and a scanning electron microscope (FESEM, S4800, Hitachi Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan). Fluorescence spectroscopy was performed using a Shimadzu RF-5301 PC spectrophotometer. UV–vis absorption spectra were obtained using a Shimadzu 3100 UV–vis spectrophotometer. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra were performed with a Nicolet AVATAR 360 FTIR instrument. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) investigation was carried out on a Rigaku X-ray diffractometer using Cu Kα radiation. A Nano-ZS 90 Nanosizer (Malvern Instruments Ltd., Worcestershire, United Kingdom) was used to determine the size distribution and zeta potential of PC NDs.
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4

Characterization of Micelle Morphology

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Fluorescence spectra were performed on a Hitachi F2500 luminescence spectrometer. Ultraviolet-visible (UV) spectra were recorded on a UV spectrophotometer (Varian). The size distribution of the micelles was characterized by Nano-ZS 90 Nanosizer (Malvern Instruments, Worcestershire, UK) via dynamic light-scattering analysis. The morphology of micelle was studied via high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM, FEI Tccnai G2 F20 S-Twin). About 1% uranyl acetate was used for negative staining.
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5

Nanoparticle Morphology Characterization

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The morphology of nanoparticles was measured by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (FEI Tccnai G2 F20 S-Twin). Twenty microliters solution of nanoparticles (2 mg/ml) was dripped on carbon-coated copper grid, after 1 min, excess liquid was removed by filter paper. Then add 10 μl 1% uranyl acetate for another 30 s. The TEM samples were dried in the shade at room temperature. The size of nanoparticles was detected by Nano-ZS 90 Nanosizer (Malvern Instruments, UK). Ultraviolet-visible (UV) spectra was recorded by UV spectrophotometer (Varian).
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6

Characterization of Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles

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The morphology and the mesoporous structure of the nanoparticles were performed by Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) (Tecnai G2 F30, FEI, Eindhoven, The Netherlands). N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms of bare MSNs were measured by a surface area analyzer (V-Sorb 2800 P, Gold APP Instrument Corporation, Beijing, China). The size distributions and zeta potentials were measured on a Nano-zs90 Nanosizer (Malvern Instruments Ltd., UK) and the samples were dissolved into distilled water before testing. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) spectra were recorded on a FT-IR spectrometer (Bruker IFS 55, Faellanden, Switzerland) in the range between 4000 cm−1 and 400 cm−1. Fluorescence intensity are measurement by Microplate reader (Bio-rad, iMark, America).
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7

Comprehensive Characterization of Nanocarrier Formulations

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The morphologies of CMSN, GsE, and ICG/CMSN@GsE were observed by transmission electron microscopy (Tecnai G2 F30, FEI, Eindhoven, Netherlands). The particle size distribution and ζ-potential of CMSN, GsE, and CMSN@GsE were measured by Nano-ZS90 Nanosizer (Malvern Instruments Ltd., Worcestershire, UK). The specific surface area, pore size, and pore volume of these preparations were measured by an adsorption analyzer (V-Sorb 2800 P, Gold APP Instrument Corporation, Beijing, China). Furthermore, the changes in the microscopic morphology of ICG/CMSN before and after encapsulation of exosomes were also observed by atomic force microscopy (Cypher ES, Asylum Research Ltd., USA). A UV–Vis–NIR spectrometer was also used to scan the spectra of ICG, CMSN, GE, ICG/CMSN, and ICG/CMSN@GE in the wavelength range of 300 nm–1000 nm to verify that ICG/CMSN@GE was successfully assembled. Finally, the GE and CMSN@GE extracted proteins were validated by SDS-PAGE (DYY-6C, Liuyi Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China) to examine whether the signature proteins changed before and after GE coating.
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8

Characterization of DTX-mPEG-PDLLA Micelles

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To detect drug loading (DL) and encapsulation efficiency (EE), 20 mg of lyophilized DTX-mPEG-PDLLA was dissolved in acetonitrile. The sample was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC, Shimadzu LC-20AT, Japan). The values of DL and EE of DTX-mPEG-PDLLA were calculated by the equations: DL (%) = (weight of DTX in micelles/weight of DTX-mPEG-PDLLA) ×100%; EE (%) = (weight of DTX in micelles/weight of DTX added) ×100%.
Next, the particle size and zeta potential of DTX-mPEG-PDLLA were measured by Nano-ZS 90 Nanosizer (Zetasizer Nano; Malvern, Panalytical, United Kingdom) after dilution with distilled water. Some DTX-mPEG-PDLLA micelle suspension was dropped on the special copper net for the transmission electron microscope (TEM; Tecnai G2 Spirit BioTWIN, Huck Institutes of Life Sciences, University Park, PA, United States) and allowed to dry naturally. The morphology of DTX-mPEG-PDLLA was observed after the sample was prepared.
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9

Comprehensive Characterization of Nanoparticles

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The morphology of the MSNs was characterized using a JEM-2100F transmission electron microscope (TEM; JEOL, Ltd., Japan) and a scanning electron microscope (SEM; FEI Quanta 200F). The hydrodynamic diameter and zeta potential of the nanoparticles in water and PBS were characterized using a Nano-ZS 90 Nanosizer (Malvern Instruments Ltd., Worcestershire, United Kingdom). UV-vis absorption spectra were recorded using a U-3310 spectrophotometer (Hitachi, Japan). Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) was used to characterize the protein composition of nanoparticles. Stability experiments were performed by measuring the nanoprobes in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) plus 10% FBS for 7 days using dynamic light scattering (DLS).
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10

Comprehensive Nanomaterial Characterization

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The morphology of samples was studied by employing a transmission electron microscope (TEM, Tecnai G2 F30 S-TWIN) and SEM (JSM-6701F) measurement. The zeta potential of samples was measured through the dynamic laser light scattering technology (DLS, Malvern Nano-ZS 90 Nanosizer). The surface composition of the sample was measured through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS, ESCALAB 250, Thermo Fisher). The electron spin resonance (ESR) spectrum of samples was measured by using Bruker EMXplus Spectrometer System. In vitro bright field and fluorescence images were performed with a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM, LTI-EA1R, Nikon, Japan). To monitor the temperature changes at the tumor site during irradiation, infrared thermal images were recorded with a PTT monitoring system MG33 (Shanghai Magnity Electronics Co. Ltd). The methods used for material characterization were displayed in the "Experimental Section" (Supplementary File)
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