Pssma

All the chemicals were used as received without further purification. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP, M_w = 360 000), monosodium dihydrogen orthophosphate (NaH₂PO₄, reagent grade) were obtained from Vetec. Ferric chloride hexahydrate (FeCl₃·6H₂O, reagent grade) and PSSMA [poly(4-styrenesulfonic acid-co-maleic acid) sodium salt] were purchased from Sigma Aldrich. Sodium acetate anhydrous (99%), ethylene glycol (99.5%), tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS, >96%), ammonium hydroxide solution (NH₃·H₂O, 28 wt%), ethanol (GR, ≥99.8%) and hydrochloric acid (36–38%, analytical reagent) were purchased from Energy chemical, J&K scientific, TCI, Macklin, Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd and Enox, respectively. Milli-Q water (Millipore, 18.2 MΩ cm at 25 °C) was used in all experiments.

TDI, OD, and PSSMA (M_n = 20,000 g/mol) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MA, USA). Ethylene diamine (EDA) was obtained from Samchun Pure Chemicals (Pyeongtaek, South Korea). All chemicals were used as received without further purification. Deionized (DI) water was used for all experiments.

All the chemicals were used as received without further purification. Commercial Cu-ZnO-Al₂O₃ was purchased from Sichuan Shutai Chemical Technology Co., Ltd. Tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS, > 96%), N,N-diisopropylethylamine (>99%), and hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB, >98%) were purchased from TCI. Ferric chloride hexahydrate (FeCl₃•6H₂O, reagent grade), nickel nitrate hexahydrate (Ni(NO₃)₂•6H₂O, ≥97%), N¹-(3-trimethoxysilylpropyl) diethylenetriamine (≥98%), and PSSMA [poly(4-styrenesulfonic acid-co-maleic acid) sodium salt] were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich. Sodium acetate anhydrous (99%), hydrochloric acid (36%–38%, analytical reagent), ethylene glycol (99.5%), ethanol (GR, ≥99.8%), and ammonium hydroxide solution (NH₃•H₂O, 28 wt %) were purchased from Energy Chemical, Enox, J&K scientific, Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd, and Macklin, respectively. Milli-Q water (Millipore, 18.2 MΩ cm at 25 °C) was used in all experiments.