Genteal lubricant eye gel

Mice were anesthetized and pupils were dilated with 1% tropicamide. Fundus images were captured using a Micron IV retinal imaging system (Phoenix Research Labs). Corneas were moistened with Genteal lubricant eye gel (Novartis) and positioned with the Micron eyepiece in direct contact with the eye through the gel. OCT images were captured using the full-scan setting as an average of 10 frames/scan. Three scans were taken per eye in the superior/inferior and/or nasal/temporal cardinal directions relative to the optic nerve. Retinal thickness measurements were analyzed using InSight OCT segmentation software (Voxeleron). The thickness of ONL and total retinal thickness (between and including the ganglion cell layer and the IS (inner segment)/ OS (outer segment junction)) were measured at 0.2 mm intervals from the optic nerve head (ONH)^{38 (link)}.

The retinal thickness of all rats, including nondiabetic and diabetic rats with different treatments, was determined via OCT measurement using Micron IV (Phoenix Research Lab, Pleasanton, CA). Briefly, rats were anesthetized and pupils were dilated with 1% tropicamide. Corneas were moistened with GenTeal lubricant eye gel (Novartis) and positioned with the Micron eyepiece in direct contact with the eye through the gel. OCT images were captured using the full-scan setting as an average of 10 frames/scan. Three images were taken per eye in the superior/inferior and nasal/temporal directions relative to the optic nerve [22 (link)]. For the diabetic retinopathy reversal study, rats were scanned basally and after 4 and 10 weeks (at the end of the study). For the diabetic retinopathy prevention study, the rats were scanned at the time of antibody injection and 3 weeks later at the end of the study. The thickness of the retina was measured using ImageJ (v.1.51K, NIH) by measuring 10 sites of retinal thickness in a double-blinded manner.