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5 protocols using elastin

1

Protein Expression Profiling of Vascular Cells

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Aliquots of protein extracts (20 μg) derived from THP1 monocytes, their derived macrophages, HUVECs, and HASMCs were separated by 10% sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and then immunoblotted with specific antibodies raised against the following proteins: CD68, ACAT1, ICAM1, VCAM1 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA, USA), ABCA1, collagen 1 (Novus Biologicals, Littleton, CO, USA), collagen 3, fibronectin, arginase 1, phospho (Ser529)-NFκB, α-tubulin, MMP2 (GeneTex, Irvine, CA, USA), MMP9 (EnoGene, Atlanta, GA, USA), elastin, MARCO, selectin E (Bioss, Woburn, MA, USA), PPARγ (Signalway Antibody, College Park, MD, USA), phospho (Thr202/Tyr204)-ERK1/2, phospho (Ser/Thr)-Akt (Cell Signaling Technology, Tokyo, Japan), c-Src (Bioworld Technology, St. Louis Park, MN, USA), PI3K, Bcl2, Bax, and β-actin (Sigma). The band intensity of the immunoblot was quantified by densitometry [39 (link),40 (link),41 (link),44 (link),45 (link),46 (link),47 (link),48 (link),49 (link)].
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2

Immunoblotting Analysis of Macrophage and HASMC Proteins

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Aliquots of 20 µg of protein extracts from human macrophages and HASMCs were separated by 10% sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and subjected to immunoblotting with the following antibodies: CD36 (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN), ACAT1 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA), ABCA1, collagen-1 (Novus Biologicals, Littleton, CO), collagen-3, fibronectin, α-tubulin, MMP2 (GeneTex, Irvine, CA), MMP9 (EnoGene, Atlanta, GA), elastin (Bioss, Woburn, MA), or β-actin (Sigma) [16] (link)–[19] (link). The densities of the bands were measured using a Densitograph System (Ez-Capture II and CS Analyzer 3.0, ATTO, Tokyo, Japan).
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3

Immunohistochemical Analysis of ECM Proteins

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Frozen section slides were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde with 0.1% Triton X‐100 for 10 min. After 30 min of treatment in 3% H2O2 to remove nonspecific signals, blocking was performed in 5% donkey serum (Abcam, Cambridge, UK) for 1 h after washing. Sections were incubated with collagen type I (1:100 dilution; Invitrogen), collagen type III (1:100 dilution; Invitrogen), elastin (1:100 dilution; Bioss Antibodies, Woburn, MA, USA), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP‐1; 1:100 dilution; Invitrogen), and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP‐1; 1:100 dilution; Bioss Antibodies) antibodies at 4°C overnight, washed three times with PBS, and incubated with horseradish peroxidase (HRP)‐conjugated donkey anti‐rabbit antibody for 1 h. After washing with PBS, AEC+ high sensitivity substrate chromogen (DAKO, Glostrup, Denmark) was used as color developer for HRP. Hematoxylin (DAKO) was used for counterstaining.
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4

Immunoblotting of Macrophage and Smooth Muscle Cell Proteins

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Aliquots of 20 μg of protein extracts from HMDMs and HASMCs were separated by 10% sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and subjected to immunoblotting with antibodies for TSG-6 (ProteinTech Group, Chicago, Illinois), CD36 (R&D Systems), CD68, ACAT1 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, California), ABCA1, collagen-1 (Novus Biologicals, Littleton, Colorado), collagen-3, fibronectin, JNK, α-tubulin, MMP-2 (GeneTex, Irvine, California), MMP-9 (EnoGene, Atlanta, Georgia), TIMP-2 (Abbiotec, San Diego, California), elastin, MARCO (Bioss, Woburn, Massachusetts), MRC1 (LifeSpan BioSciences, Seattle, Washington), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), Raf-1 (Abcam, Tokyo, Japan), c-Src (Bioworld Technology, St. Louis Park, Minnesota), phosphorylated ERK1/2 (Cell Signaling Technology, Tokyo, Japan), NF-κB (Aviva Systems Biology, San Diego, California), or β-actin (Sigma) 19 (link), 20 (link), 21 (link), 22 (link), 23 (link).
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5

Protein Expression Analysis of Stem Cells

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A radio-immunoprecipitation assay (RIPA) lysis buffer (Yisheng Biological Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China) including proteinase suppressors was applied to isolate total protein. The concentration of total protein was detected by employing bicinchoninic acid (BCA) method (ComWin Biotech Co., Ltd., Beijing, China). A 10% sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) was used to separate 20 µg of protein samples. Next, the samples were put onto a polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membrane. After being blocked with 5% non-fat milk for 1 hour, the membrane was incubated with the antibodies overnight at 4 °C. The results were scanned by Quantity One software (version 4.6.9, Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA, USA). The antibodies used in this part were as following, CD90 (Invitrogen Catalog #MA1-80650); CD44 (Invitrogen Catalog #MA5-17520); CD45 (Invitrogen Catalog #12-0461-82); Cav1 (Bioss,bs-1453R); MyHC (proteintech, 22281-1-AP); Goat anti-rabbit cy3 (proteintech SA00009-2); GAPDH (proteintech, 60004-1-Ig); MyoD (proteintech, 18943-1-AP); Collagen III (Bioss, bs-0549R); Collagen I (abcam, ab260043); LAMC1 (cell signaling, #92921); MMP1 (Affinify, DF6325); MMP9 (abcam, ab76003); HOXA11 (Bioss, bs-666R); Elastin (Bioss, bs-1756R); Calponin (abcam, ab46794); Vimentin (abcam, ab92547); GFP (abcam, ab1218).
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